eu1luento

Themes in European Integration History: 

Themes in European Integration History Lecture course 3 November – 15 December 2006 Juhana Aunesluoma University Lecturer in Political History University of Helsinki course pages www.valt.helsinki.fi/blogs/jauneslu/euhistory.htm

History and theory: 

History and theory history-averse social scientists theory-averse historians integration studies a meeting point of social scientists who take history seriously, and historians who take theory seriously integration has in general attracted theoretically oriented scholarship the historians task in integration studies?

Today’s lecture: 

Today’s lecture course programme and course work reading list, compensations, examination etc. 3 sc and 5 sc options (optional essay seminar) historians and EU history an introduction to historiography scholarly debates over EU history introduction to the themes dealt with in subsequent lectures

Course programme: 

Course programme 3 November 1. lecture: course programme and course work, reading list, exam and assessment; Introduction to EU history scholarship; European integration and historical writing, outline of main debates. 10 November 2. lecture: European reconstruction and the origins of European integration, the Marshall plan -debate 17 November 3. lecture: Integration as a rescue of the nation state? The Milward-controversy in EU history. 24 November 4. lecture: The uniqueness of EU integration? History, grand theory and the Moravcsik-controversy in EU history. 1 December 5. lecture: Integration and the international system. New Cold War history and EU history. 8 December 6. lecture: Finland's road into the European Union. Debating Finland's place in Europe. 15 December: EXAM

Course work: 

Course work all instruction and discussion is in English written work can be submitted in English, Finnish or Swedish 3 credits (2. period) lectures (6 x 2h) compulsory reading (8 texts, 227 pages) final exam (lectures + reading) 5 credits (2.-3. periods) all above 15 000 character essay essay seminar (6 x 2h) 16.1.–27.2.2007 oral presentation opening of discussion on one other paper active participation in discussion

Reading list: 

Reading list Desmond Dinan, ”The Historiography of European Integration”, in Desmond Dinan (ed.), Origins and Evolution of the European Union, 297–324. Michael J. Hogan, “American Marshall Planners and the Search for a European Neocapitalism”, The American Historical Review, Vol. 90, No. 1. (Feb., 1985), 44–72. Alan S. Milward, “The Reconstruction of Western Europe”, in Charles S. Maier (ed.), The Cold War in Europe. Era of a Divided Continent (1991), 241–269. Geir Lundestad, “’Empire by invitation’ in the American Century”, Diplomatic History, Vol 23, No 2 (Spring 1999), 189–217. Alan S. Milward & Vibeke Sorensen, “Interdependence or integration? A national choice. Chapter 1 in the book Alan S. Milward et al (ed.) The Frontier of National Sovereignty. History and theory 1945–1992 (1993, 1994), 1–32. Alan S. Milward, “The lives and teachings of the European saints”. Chapter 6 in the book The European Rescue of the Nation-State (1992, 2000), 318–344. Andrew Moravcsik, “Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community”, International Organization, Vol 45, No 1 (Winter 1991), 19–56. Paavonen, Tapani, ”From Isolation to the Core: Finland’s Position towards European Integration, 1960–95”, Journal of European Integration History 7 (2001): 1, 53–75.

Historians’ study of integration: 

Historians’ study of integration how and why did the EC come about? what have been the driving forces behind integration? why does it survive? why was European reconstruction so successful after 1945? how did the Franco-German partnership come about? the significance of particular actors the significance of particular events and phases in integration histories of negotiations, decision-making, personalities: history of political behaviour and ”diplomatic history” economic history: integration and convergence

Phases in EU history (P. Taylor): 

Phases in EU history (P. Taylor) the setting up of the institutions and the logic of the founding agreements the crisis in 1965 and the resulting institutional changes the proposals of the Hague Conference in 1969 and their outcome in the early 1970s the new intergovernmentalism and the Paris Summit of December 1974 the new phase of integration starting in 1984: the progress towards the Maastricht Treaty the Maastricht Treaty and its context ...? ... enlargement 2004 ... the failure of the Constitutional Treaty in 2005 ...?

The Federalist narrative: 

The Federalist narrative dominating interpretation from 1940s to 1970s origins in the pre war Pan-European and federalist movements grew in strength during and immediately after the war achievements and opportunities lost in integration Hague Congress 1948, EDC 1954 the direct political uses of the narrative a moral justification for integration as a greater cause the evils of intergovernmentalism federalist rhetoric to give direction to integration christian ideals, western christian civilization ”the legends of great men”, ”European saints” (A. Milward) Walter Lipgens

Contemporary commentary and analysis: 

Contemporary commentary and analysis journalists, writers, scholars, ex-diplomats or civil servants aim was to understand specific developments, events, phases and processes in European politics and integration analyses written immediately after or during the events for example: the empty chair crisis, Britain’s first application etc. aim to see behind the rhetoric and at the actor’s preferences and interests what is really happening in Europe? critical views about the federalist explanations International Organization, Journal of Common Market Studies, Foreign Affairs Miriam Camps, Uwe Kitzinger, F. Roy Willis

Neo-functionalists: 

Neo-functionalists a more realistic view on the process of integration a theory of regional integration spill-over effect no economic determinism likely changes in the behaviour of governments unintended consequenses integration a sporadic and conflictual process the role of non-state actors ”the secretariat”, interest groups and social movements providing the dynamic of integration states important actors ”cold war theories” (A. Milward) Ernst Haas, Leon S. Lindberg, Joseph S. Nye, Philippe Schmitter

Alan Milward: 

Alan Milward an economic historian by background the impossibility to separate politics from economics and economics from politics strong criticism towards both the federalist and neofunctionalist views state-centric explanation integration driven by national economic and social interests the reassertion of the state post-1945 (welfare, economic security) the nation state and the supranation are mutually reinforcing supranational solutions relatively few interpretation was based on a greater access to national and other archives since the late 1970s

Andrew Moravcsik: 

Andrew Moravcsik historical case studies built on empirical evidence state-centric view focus on commercial interests they determined preferences big member states theory of liberal intergovernmentalism bargaining between states interests of states are not fixed national preference formation and the strategic interaction of states in the bargaining process national and transnational coalitions

Integration and international history: 

Integration and international history cold war history east-west relations intra-west relations, trans-atlantic relations the influence of cold war security issues on Western Europe the US role in European integration long term evolution of the European states and international system the ’rules of the game’ in Europe the evolution and dissolution of different historical ’orders’ or regimes in Europe the German question the international in European politics integration and international organisation the study of the nature of the international systems itself European history as a test case for other regions

Recent trends: 

Recent trends neo-functionalist revisionists the SEA/Maastricht/enlargement/EMU boost identities and identity politics core and peripheral identities, elites - people, different social and political groups nationally constructed integration narratives still attract considerable interest the process of integration a struggle between the market and the state John Gillingham (2003) integration and globalisation European integration and new global history

Conclusion: 

Conclusion history and theory closely entwined in integration studies how the present informs the past strong influence of the Milwardian interpretation, established in the 1990s new perspectives: allegiance, legitimacy, identities the challenge of non-nationally constructed narratives, putting the state in size

Further reading(not on the reading list): 

Further reading (not on the reading list) Martin J. Dedman, The Origins and Development of the European Union 1945-95 (1996) Paul Taylor, The European Union in the 1990s (1996) Michelle Cini & Angela Bourne, Palgrave Advances in European Union (2005) and there especially the article by Wolfram Kaiser on EU historiography Antje Wiener & Thomas Diez, European Integration Theory (2003)