recycling

Recycling in the Universe: 

Recycling in the Universe Alyssa A. Goodman Department of Astronomy Harvard University

Recycling on Earth & In Galaxies: 

Recycling on Earth & In Galaxies

Recycling in the Universe: 

Recycling in the Universe

Making the First Recyclables...: 

Making the First Recyclables... Fluctuations about 300,000 years after the Big Bang lead to “Structure Formation.” Gravitational collapse of some of these “structures” produces the first stars and galaxies.

Pretty young galaxies: 

Pretty young galaxies

"Star Formation 101": 

"Star Formation 101" Molecular Cloud Protostellar Core Young Star with Outflow + Protoplanetary Disk “Main Sequence” Star (with Planets)

Molecular Clouds: The Stuff of New Stars: 

Molecular Clouds: The Stuff of New Stars Red Plate, Digitized Palomar Observatory Sky Survey The Oschin telescope, 48-inch aperture wide-field Schmidt camera at Palomar

How much stuff is there?: 

How much stuff is there? Observations by Alves, Lada & Lada 1999 “Star-counting” Counts of stars per unit area measure how much material must be producing obscuration.

Radio Spectral-line Observations of Molecular Clouds : 

Radio Spectral-line Observations of Molecular Clouds

How do Optical & Radio Views Compare?: 

How do Optical & Radio Views Compare? Observations by Alves, Lada & Lada 1999 Region of Radio Spectral-Line Survey

Cold, Dark & Dusty: 

Cold, Dark & Dusty Gas and Dust are Very Cold in Molecular Clouds, T~10=100 Kelvin Dust at 10 K “Glows” in the Far-Infrared

Recycling in the Universe: 

Recycling in the Universe Processing, Production Consumption Discarding Storage & Collection in Interstellar Medium

Consumption of Recyclables: 

Consumption of Recyclables The "Initial Mass Function" (IMF) The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram

Stellar Recyclables: 

Stellar Recyclables The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram Supernova, then neutron star/pulsar or black hole Red giant then white dwarf Long-lived brown dwarfs "Styrofoam" Good recyclables. Red-giant wind main dust injection in ISM. Spectacular contribution, and collection. Explosion injects, and "sweeps up" interstellar material.

Stellar Winds: Discarding the RecyclablesMass=100 x Sun: 

Stellar Winds: Discarding the Recyclables Mass=100 x Sun

"Excess Gas?" (Post-red-giant planetary nebula): 

"Excess Gas?" (Post-red-giant planetary nebula)

Stellar Recyclables: 

Stellar Recyclables The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram Supernova, then neutron star/pulsar or black hole Red giant then white dwarf Long-lived brown dwarfs "Styrofoam" Good recyclables. Red-giant wind main dust injection in ISM. Spectacular contribution, and collection. Explosion injects, and "sweeps up" interstellar material.

Massive Stars & Supernovae: 

Massive Stars & Supernovae Winds from O stars account for 30% of recylcable input to ISM Supernovae from O stars throw out much of the remaining mass Biggest contribution of (correlated) supernovae is to “collection”

Swept-up Gas:The Next Generation: 

Swept-up Gas:The Next Generation

(At least) How much Gas is Swept-Up?: 

(At least) How much Gas is Swept-Up?

Recycling in the Universe: 

Recycling in the Universe Processing, Production Consumption Discarding Storage & Collection in Interstellar Medium

Young Stars do Their Share Too: 

Young Stars do Their Share Too

One Picture with the Whole Story: 

One Picture with the Whole Story

Recycling in the Universe(?): 

Recycling in the Universe(?)

For more information...: 

cfa-www.harvard.edu/~agoodman and Alyssa Goodman's upcoming article in Sky & Telescope Magazine For more information...

(Unusual?) Stellar Nursery in the Eagle Nebula: 

(Unusual?) Stellar Nursery in the Eagle Nebula

Star Formation Caused by A Galaxy Collision (a.k.a. igniting the trash): 

Star Formation Caused by A Galaxy Collision (a.k.a. igniting the trash)