THE MODERN ERA

THE MODERN ERA:

THE MODERN ERA Adolfo García Morillo Year 10 AEA Religious Culture

THE EXPULSION OF JEWS :

THE EXPULSION OF JEWS After the destruction of the Temple of Salomon and the Sack of Jerusalem by the Romans , the Jewish Diaspora started . Large communities established themselves in the different areas of the Roman Empire , as far as Spain or the North of Africa .

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS Everyday life for the Jews was difficult in the Middle Ages : On the one hand , the Church had banned “ usury ,” that is , lending money with ( high ) interests . The Jews , not being part of the Christian Church , were not obliged by this prohibition . Therefore , they became official money-lenders .

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS Also , they were not considered part of the society , so, they were not under the jurisdiction of local authorities , including bishops , mayors or sheriffs. They depended exclusively on the King, who had to grant the rights and obligations of the Jewish community in every city or town . They were forced to live in their own areas , called “ ghettoes ”.

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS They didn’t pay taxes to the local authorities , nobles or church . They only had to pay tribute to the King’s Treasure . On the other hand , their money and goods could be seized at any time by the Crown , the tributes could be raised without any official notice and, basically , depended on the King’s mood or ambition .

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS This constant insecurity led the Jews to be extremely productive with their goods , as they knew they could be seized any time. They learnt to be reserved , sober and tactful , which gained them a reputation for being secretive , greedy , and unfriendly . This led to an aura of plots and conspiracy against the Christiandom .

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS Although needed , the Jews were not either respected or socially considered . They could be excellent bankers , doctors or teachers , but , above all , they were the “ race that killed Jesus Christ .”

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS In a time of Crusades and Muslim threaten , the loyalty of the Jews was always questioned , so they were continually mistrusted . Eventually , they were expelled from almost all the different European kingdoms . In some cases, like in Spain , they were allowed to take just one bag with them .

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS From the Hebrew word “ Sefarad ”, which means “ Spain ” came the Jewish stock of the “Sefardíes”, one of the three main Jewish ethnics in Europe . Along the Mediterranean coast and the Middle East, large communities of sefardíes still speak a 15th century “ Spanish ” called “ladino.”

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE JEWS Links: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U53XKRY2qg0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFKRHYMxLr4&feature=related

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS Something people usually forget is that on January 2nd 1492, Granada did not surrender , but capitulated . The difference is important . In a capitulation , you surrender with conditions . Those conditions must be agreed and, above all , respected .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS The capitulation included , among others , two basic conditions : An honourable treatment to the Muslim King Boabdil and his Royal Family . Respectful treatment to the Muslim population who decided to remain in the new- conquered kingdom .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS The Catholic Kings respected very few of them .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS The Treaty of Granada (1491) guaranteed religious and cultural freedoms for Muslims and Jews. The Alhambra Decree (1492), however, promptly rescinded the Jews' rights, expelling both the observant and the conversos .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS At first , the idea was to peacefully convince the Moriscos to convert . However , the conversions were very few . Therefore , the Inquisition was authorized to force conversions and to burn Islamic texts . This was absolutely unusual , as the Inquisition was supposed to handle Christian matters only .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS In response to these and other violations of the Treaty of Granada, the Muslim population rebelled in 1499. The revolt lasted until early 1501, giving the Christian authorities an excuse to dispute the terms of the Treaty. In 1501, the terms of the Treaty of Granada protections were abandoned.

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS 1501: Ultimatum to the Moriscos of Granada, conversion or expulsion (10 years later !). 1508: Traditional Moorish clothing became illegal in Castile . 1526: Islam banned all over the Spanish kingdoms . Conversion or expulsion . 1567: Muslim names and speaking Arabic were forbidden by law .

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS The reaction to all this was a huge number of Morisco uprisings. The most serious of them was the War of the Alpujarras , which took place from 1568 to 1571.

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS Philip III expelled the Moriscos from Spain between 1609 and 1614. They were ordered to depart "under the pain of death and confiscation, without trial or sentence... to take with them no money, jewels or bills of exchange... just what they could carry."

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS Estimates for the number expelled have varied, although contemporary accounts set the number at around 300,000 (about 4% of the Spanish population).

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS In 1610, about 150,000 Moriscos migrated to North Africa. Moriscos who wished to remain Catholic found new homes in Italy. The overwhelming majority of the refugees settled in Muslim lands, mostly in the Ottoman Empire and Morocco.

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS:

THE EXPULSION OF THE MORISCOS http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NRiVTnyQ4CQ&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8kwnQJ1Ito&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z_TLUX6qy30&feature=fvw