1st semeter final review 11-12

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PowerPoint Presentation: 

8 th Grade Science 1 st Semester Final Review

Numerical value of kilo: 

Numerical value of kilo 1000

Numerical value of centi: 

Numerical value of centi .01 or one hundredth

Numerical value of milli: 

Numerical value of milli .001 or one thousandth

Numerical value of micro: 

Numerical value of micro .000 001 or one millionth

Numerical value of mega: 

Numerical value of mega 1 000 000 or one million

Numerical value of nano: 

Numerical value of nano .000 000 001 or one billionth

Liter is a unit of measurement for: 

Liter is a unit of measurement for volume

meter is a unit of measurement for: 

meter is a unit of measurement for Length or distance

gram is a unit of measurement for: 

gram is a unit of measurement for mass

Newton is a unit of measurement for: 

Newton is a unit of measurement for Weight or force

4 liters = ____ mL: 

4 liters = ____ mL 4 000

King Henry doesn’t usually drink chocolate milk: 

King Henry doesn’t usually drink chocolate milk Kilo- hecto - deka -unit- deci - centi - milli

5 897 grams = ____ kg: 

5 897 grams = ____ kg 5.897

A graduated cylinder measures: 

A graduated cylinder measures volume

Unit of measurement used with graduates: 

Unit of measurement used with graduates mL

A balance measures: 

A balance measures mass

Unit of measurement used with our balances: 

Unit of measurement used with our balances gram

Temperature scale on our thermometers in this class: 

Temperature scale on our thermometers in this class Celsius

Water freezes at __ C, ___ F: 

Water freezes at __ C, ___ F 0 degrees Celsius 32 degrees Fahrenheit

Water boils at ___ C, ___ F: 

Water boils at ___ C, ___ F 100 degrees Celsius 212 degrees Fahrenheit

Idea that all matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion: 

Idea that all matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion Kinetic theory of matter

In a chemical equation the ___ are to the left of the arrow and the ____ are to the right of the arrow: 

In a chemical equation the ___ are to the left of the arrow and the ____ are to the right of the arrow Reactants products

Anything that has mass and takes up space: 

Anything that has mass and takes up space matter

The amount of matter in an object: 

The amount of matter in an object mass

Amount of space taken up by something: 

Amount of space taken up by something volume

The curve of a surface of a liquid in a container: 

The curve of a surface of a liquid in a container meniscus

Formula used to find the volume of a rectangular solid: 

Formula used to find the volume of a rectangular solid Length x width x height

Technique used to figure out the volume of an irregularly shaped object: 

Technique used to figure out the volume of an irregularly shaped object displacement

A measure of the gravitational force on an object: 

A measure of the gravitational force on an object Weight or force

Two factors that affect gravity are: 

Two factors that affect gravity are Mass distance

Tendency of an object at rest or in motion to resist a change in motion: 

Tendency of an object at rest or in motion to resist a change in motion inertia

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance: 

A characteristic of a pure substance that can be observed without changing it into another substance Physical property

Ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume: 

Ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume density

A unit for density: 

A unit for density g/ mL , grams per cubic centimeter

A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance: 

A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance Physical change

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances : 

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to change into different substances Chemical property

A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances: 

A change in which one or more substances combine or break apart to form new substances Chemical change

State of matter with definite shape and definite volume: 

State of matter with definite shape and definite volume solid

State of matter with definite volume but no definite shape: 

State of matter with definite volume but no definite shape liquid

State of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume: 

State of matter with no definite shape and no definite volume gas

Resistance of a gas or liquid to flow: 

Resistance of a gas or liquid to flow viscosity

A measurement of the movement of particles in a substance; how hot or cold something is: 

A measurement of the movement of particles in a substance; how hot or cold something is temperature

A process in which energy is added to a solid causing it to become a liquid: 

A process in which energy is added to a solid causing it to become a liquid melting

A process in which energy is removed from a liquid causing it to become a solid: 

A process in which energy is removed from a liquid causing it to become a solid freezing

The change of a liquid to a gas, can occur at any temperature: 

The change of a liquid to a gas, can occur at any temperature evaporation

The change of a gas to a liquid: 

The change of a gas to a liquid condensation

The change of a solid directly to a gas: 

The change of a solid directly to a gas sublimation

During a change of state, the temperature of the substance ___: 

During a change of state, the temperature of the substance ___ Stays the same

Melting is (endothermic, exothermic) freezing is (endothermic, exothermic) : 

Melting is (endothermic, exothermic) freezing is (endothermic, exothermic) Melting – endothermic Freezing-exothermic

Substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances by chemical means: 

Substance that cannot be broken down or separated into simpler substances by chemical means element

Substance made up of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds: 

Substance made up of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds compound

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined: 

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined mixture

Identify the following as heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures: brass, granite rock, air, pizza: 

Identify the following as heterogeneous or homogeneous mixtures: brass, granite rock, air, pizza Homogeneous: brass, air Heterogeneous: pizza, granite rock

If salt is added to water, identify the solute and the solvent: 

If salt is added to water, identify the solute and the solvent Solute: salt Solvent: water

“in a chemical or physical change, matter is neither created or destroyed”: 

“in a chemical or physical change, matter is neither created or destroyed” Law of Conservation of Mass

Basic particle from which all elements are made: 

Basic particle from which all elements are made atom

Subatomic particle that has a negative charge: 

Subatomic particle that has a negative charge electron

The central region of an atom: 

The central region of an atom nucleus

The region around a nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found: 

The region around a nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found Electron cloud

Subatomic particle that has a positive charge: 

Subatomic particle that has a positive charge proton

Subatomic particle that has no charge: 

Subatomic particle that has no charge neutron

Unit of mass used to describe the mass of an atom or molecule: 

Unit of mass used to describe the mass of an atom or molecule Atomic mass unit (amu)

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom: 

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom Atomic number

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons: 

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons isotopes

The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom: 

The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom Mass number

Which has more mass, an electron or proton? : 

Which has more mass, an electron or proton? Protons are about two thousand times more massive

What is the forces that holds protons in the nucleus of an atom?: 

What is the forces that holds protons in the nucleus of an atom? Strong force

Who created the Periodic Table?: 

Who created the Periodic Table? Dimitri Mendeleev

A horizontal row on the Periodic Table is called a ____.: 

A horizontal row on the Periodic Table is called a ____. period

A vertical column on the Periodic Table is called a ____.: 

A vertical column on the Periodic Table is called a ____. Group or family

On the Periodic Table, metals are located to the ____ and nonmetals are located to the _____.: 

On the Periodic Table, metals are located to the ____ and nonmetals are located to the _____. Metals-left Nonmetals-right

The noble gases are not chemically active because ___.: 

The noble gases are not chemically active because ___. The outer electron levels are full

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called _____.: 

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom are called _____. Valence electrons

This term can mean will destroy body tissue, clothing: the way in which acids react with some metals so as to war away the metal: 

This term can mean will destroy body tissue, clothing: the way in which acids react with some metals so as to war away the metal corrosive

Symbol for hydrogen ion; associated with acids: 

Symbol for hydrogen ion; associated with acids + H

Symbol for hydroxide ion; associated with bases;: 

Symbol for hydroxide ion; associated with bases; _ OH

Gives two examples of acidic and basic substances : 

Gives two examples of acidic and basic substances Acidic: orange juice, vinegar Basic: drain cleaner, soap

Scale used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is: 

Scale used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is pH scale

pH 4 is (acidic, neutral, basic): 

pH 4 is (acidic, neutral, basic) acidic

The products of neutralization reaction between an acid and a base: 

The products of neutralization reaction between an acid and a base Salt and water

List three acid/base indicators: 

List three acid/base indicators Bromthymol blue Cabbage juice Litmus paper

How does precipitation become acidic?: 

How does precipitation become acidic? Burning of fossil fuels (coal, gasoline) cause nitric and sulfuric acid to get into the atmosphere

The factor that is affected by the independent variable; often found in the “then” part of the hypothesis: 

The factor that is affected by the independent variable; often found in the “then” part of the hypothesis Dependent variable

Variable in an experiment that is not changed;: 

Variable in an experiment that is not changed; constant

Factor that is changed by the scientist in an experiment; often found in the “if” part of the hypothesis: 

Factor that is changed by the scientist in an experiment; often found in the “if” part of the hypothesis Independent variable

A molecule consisting of two atoms: 

A molecule consisting of two atoms diatomic

Name for the small number in a chemical formula: 

Name for the small number in a chemical formula subscript

How many atoms of oxygen are in a molecule of Mg(OH) 2: 

How many atoms of oxygen are in a molecule of Mg(OH) 2 two

The spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus: 

The spontaneous emission of radiation by an unstable atomic nucleus radioactivity

The time it takes for half of the atoms of a radioactive element to decay: 

The time it takes for half of the atoms of a radioactive element to decay Half-life

Most abundant element in the universe: 

Most abundant element in the universe hydrogen

The temperature at which particle motion in matter would come to a stop: 

The temperature at which particle motion in matter would come to a stop Absolute zero; -273 degrees Celsius; 0 Kelvin

Device used in lab to measure the weight of something: 

Device used in lab to measure the weight of something Spring scale

Which changes if you travel from the Earth to the moon, mass or weight?: 

Which changes if you travel from the Earth to the moon, mass or weight? weight

Force of attraction that holds two atoms together: 

Force of attraction that holds two atoms together Chemical bond

A guess or prediction: 

A guess or prediction hypothesis

If a hypothesis is good, it must be: 

If a hypothesis is good, it must be testable

A property that is always the same no matter what size the sample is: 

A property that is always the same no matter what size the sample is Characteristic property