Welcome toWong, et al.Maternal Child Nursing Care, 3/eChapter 36 :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 1 of 36 Welcome toWong, et al.Maternal Child Nursing Care, 3/eChapter 36


Chapter 36 :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 2 of 36 Chapter 36 The Infant and Family


Promoting Optimum Growth and Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 3 of 36 Promoting Optimum Growth and Development Biologic development Proportional changes 5 to 7 ounces weight gain per week Double birth weight by age 6 months Triple birth weight by age 1 year Height increases by 1 inch per month x 6 months Growth in “spurts” rather than gradual pattern


Maturation of Systems :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 4 of 36 Maturation of Systems Respiratory Immunologic system Cardiovascular Hematopoietic changes Digestive processes Thermoregulation Renal function Sensory


Fine Motor Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 5 of 36 Fine Motor Development Grasping object—ages 2 to 3 months Transfer object between hands—age 7 months Pincer grasp age—10 months Remove objects from container—11 months Build tower of two blocks—12 months


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Gross Motor Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 7 of 36 Gross Motor Development Head control Rolling over—ages 5 to 6 months Sit alone—7 months Move from prone to sitting position—10 months


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Locomotion :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 12 of 36 Locomotion Cephalocaudal direction of development Crawling age—6 to 7 months Creeping age—9 months Walk with assistance—11 months Walk alone—12 months


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Cognitive Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 15 of 36 Cognitive Development Piaget Sensorimotor phase Birth to 1 month—reflex stage 1 to 4 months—primary circular reactions 4 to 8 months—secondary circular reactions Imitation Play Affect


Development of Body Image :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 16 of 36 Development of Body Image Concept of object permanence By end of first year, recognize that they are distinct from parents


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Social Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 19 of 36 Social Development Attachment Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) Separation anxiety Stranger anxiety Play as major socializing agent


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Language Development :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 21 of 36 Language Development Crying is first verbal communication Vocalizations 3 to 5 words with meaning by age 1 year


Temperament :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 22 of 36 Temperament Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire Childrearing practices related to temperament


Promoting Optimum Health during Infancy :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 23 of 36 Promoting Optimum Health during Infancy Nutrition—breast milk is first choice only for first 6 months of life Introduction of solid foods Introduce foods at intervals of 4 to 7 days to allow for identification of food allergies Weaning from breast or bottle


Sleep and Activity :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 24 of 36 Sleep and Activity “Back to Sleep” campaign Sleep problems Sleeping arrangements Concept of “graduated extinction”


Immunizations :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 25 of 36 Immunizations Recommendations provided by: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)


Current Recommendations :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 26 of 36 Current Recommendations www.cdc.gov/nip (National Immunization Program from the CDC) www.aap.org AAP Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases (“The Red Book”) CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR)


VAERS :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 27 of 36 VAERS Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System To report any adverse reactions after administration of any vaccine Vaccine Information Statements (VIS) Information statements that must be given to parents before administration of given vaccines Provide updated information for parent/guardian of child being vaccinated


Injury Prevention :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 28 of 36 Injury Prevention Aspiration of foreign objects Suffocation Motor vehicle injuries Falls Poisoning Burns Drowning


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Feeding Difficulties :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 31 of 36 Feeding Difficulties Regurgitation and “spitting up” Reflux/GERD Colic Failure to thrive Organic FTT Nonorganic FTT


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Disorders of Unknown Etiology :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 34 of 36 Disorders of Unknown Etiology Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) Apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs) “Back to Sleep” campaign Risk factors for SIDS Maternal smoking, poor PNC, low maternal age, prematurity


Apnea of Infancy :Mosby items and derived items © 2006, 2002 by Mosby, Inc. 35 of 36 Apnea of Infancy Pathologic apnea in infants >37 weeks’ gestation Clinical presentation of ALTE Therapeutic management Theophylline/caffeine Home apnea monitors Family support CPR training


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