Slide 1:STREAMYX RESTORATION (ADVANCED)


Cannot browse :Cannot browse Verify streamyx connection Able to login Not connected / login failed Troubleshoot as in Cannot Login Problem Check DNS and IP address Check proxy setting All website Certain website Check DSL parameter MTU size - defragmented Reverse - DNS Isolate CPE Bypass router/switch. Direct connect single PC and set modem as bridge. Login and browse Check DSLAM status Check ATM Changing of IP ADDRESS of PPOA /IPVALUE/GITN/ TM Wholesale must be informed to BMC. Different IP Pool from different BRAS, caused session cannot be established


Cannot browse but able to login :Cannot browse but able to login Make sure customer connected/able to login Request BMC on customer session at radius Make sure PPP LED is up. Check whether IP address is obtained If modem set as bridge used DOS command ipconfig IP address streamyx obtained from network Modem as bridge PC Dialer in PC


Cannot browse – able to login :Cannot browse – able to login Make sure connected / able to login If modem set as router, check at WAN status. Ensure connection status and IP address obtained Modem as router PC Dialer in modem IP address from BRAS pool


Cannot browse but able to login :Cannot browse but able to login Verify on DNS configuration on customer PC Ping DNS – If no reply ensure DNS setting at PC/router/modem Preferred DNS : 202.188.1.5 Alternate DNS : 202.188.0.133 Start button -> Right click on My Network Place -> properties (1) Right click on Local Area Connection -> properties (2) Select Internet protocol (TCP/IP) -> click button properties (3) Key in DNS number as above 1 2 3 * If modem/router is DNS relay enable or automatic assign, no need to be set


Cannot browse but able to login :Cannot browse but able to login Verify on DNS configuration on customer PC IF modem in router mode OR PC/laptop connected to router or switch ENSURE DNS auto configured or DNS relay enabled in modem and router DNS in PC/laptop is set to obtain automatic or no other DNS number is key in IF still cannot browse, set DNS to 202.188.0.133 and 202.188.1.5


Cannot browse able to login :Cannot browse able to login Verify proxy setting in customer PC Make sure proxy not set. Open IE . Under Tool -> internet Option (1) Click on Connection tab. Click LAN Setting button (2) Make sure Proxy server is unchecked (3) 1 2 3


Cannot browse – able to login :Cannot browse – able to login Check DSL parameter Poor copper quality may only allow authentication but unable to carry real data. This is why customer unable to browse websites. IF DSL parameter within threshold Isolate copper and rectify copper problem as in Slow Browsing problem


Cannot Browse – certain website :Cannot Browse – certain website MTU is maximum transfer unit. Client MTU 1400 Data Size 1400 http server www.mycompany.com.my 60.23.4.78 MTU 1000 During data transfer, if MTU size is not match with destination MTU size, packet will be fragmentized. Result in inaccessibility of website Tweak or adjust this MTU size until match Ping [ip address] –f –l [size] only allow packet size 1000 Data Data Packet fragmented IF DSL parameter within threshold, the problem may due to miss-match MTU size between customer PC and http server


Adjusting MTU size :Adjusting MTU size Figure out the correct MTU size of destination port C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 200.15.14.14 -f -l 2000 Pinging 200.15.14.14 with 2000 bytes of data: Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Ping statistics for 200.15.14.14: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>ping 200.15.14.14 -f -l 1500 Pinging 200.15.14.14 with 1500 bytes of data: Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Packet needs to be fragmented but DF set. Ping statistics for 200.15.14.14: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), Adjust this figure until you get reply. That’s is the number of MTU should be configured in the Network Card


Adjusting MTU size :Adjusting MTU size Adjust the MTU size in PC Download DR TCP from internet. Adjust the correct value 1.Select Network Card 2. Change MTU size 3. Save


Important Copper Parameter :Important Copper Parameter DSL parameter Actual speed Attainable speed Configured speed SNR margin Attenuation Electrical parameter


Important DSL parameter - speed :Important DSL parameter - speed Actual speed Also known as sync rate or modem speed. It is the ADSL line speed obtained between Modem and DSLAM after syncronisation is achieved. Attainable speed Maximum sync rate the cable can support Configured speed Speed configured at DSLAM port.


Important DSL Parameter – SNR Margin :Important DSL Parameter – SNR Margin


Important DSL Parameter - Attenuation :Important DSL Parameter - Attenuation under mixed gauge cable environment, usually 13.6 dB loss per kilometer is used to estimate distance.


Copper testing :Copper testing


Case study – MCMC non compliance :Case study – MCMC non compliance IR is low 2.4MO End of cable detected at only 143m Partial short at drop wire joint. No dial tone


Case study – MCMC non compliance :Case study – MCMC non compliance IR value not so good End of cable detected at only 233m TDR pattern detect bridge tap Finding showed that parallel connection at DP


DSL Fundamental :DSL Fundamental Modulation and Annex Type PVC architecture


Modulation and Annex Type :Modulation and Annex Type Modulation is altering of carrier wave in order to transmit a data signal from one location to another via discrete channel. Modulation type has to be set at both DSLAM port and modem. So does Annex type During negotiation Annex setting has to be matched before both can synchronized and trained up. Time taken before synchronization will depend on modulation setting at DSLAM and modem. Matching modulation will take less time. DSLAM will search for modem with matching modulation. .Failing to do that, it will step down to the next lower hierarchy until the modulation match DSLAM modem


Modulation & Annex Type :Modulation & Annex Type DSLAM modem Case 1 = DSLAM set ADSL2+ , modem set as ADSL2+ modem search for ADSL2+ card ---------- success ----------------- modem trained with up/sync ADSL2+ Case 2 = DSLAM set as g.dmt, modem set as ADSL2+ modem search for ADSL2+ card ----- failed -------- Search for ADSL2 card ------ failed -------- Search for g.dmt card ------- success ---- modem trained up/sync with g.dmt highest lowest Modulation hierarchy NOTE: Higher hierarchy usually backward compatible ‘multimode’ which will select between g.dmt or g.lite


Modulation & Annex Type :Modulation & Annex Type


Slide 23:Virtual Path (VP) and Virtual Circuit (VC) Each DSLAM consist of 2 VP’s: VP Data VP EMS PVC Architecture


Slide 24:DSLAM Host & Subtending Architecture Each DSLAM port has uniquely identified VCI number All VCI numbers in one DSLAM carried in the network in unique VP number Each VCI should terminate in BRAS Only circuit that has end-2-end connection (form modem up until BRAS) able to login. PVC Architecture


Logical Connectivity :Logical Connectivity OAM loopback Is one of test method to ensure end-2-end logical connectivity. It sends OAM cell toward its destination and expect to receive back the same cell within specified time interval. It can be execute either from: BRAS - towards modem (if connected) or DSLAM vci DSLAM port - towards BRAS or modem Modem – towards BRAS Loopback type : F4 (VP) and F5 (VC) loopback Loopback type : End-2-end and Segment Loopback direction :Direction UP and Down Any disconnection of this logical connection, will result in login failure Error code : 678 remote computer did not respond


Logical Connectivity :Logical Connectivity Loopback from modem Use test gear or modem. Usualy under TEST or Diagnostic module BRAS DSLAM modem VP 24 VCI 201 VP 0 VCI 35 ATM Modem receive 5 OAM cells Modem sent back 5 OAM cells BRAS receive and sent back OAM cells traverse along the network OAM cells traverse along the network Loopback from BRAS Can request BMC to perform the loopback BRAS DSLAM modem VP 24 VCI 201 VP 0 VCI 35 ATM BRAS sent 5 OAM cells to modem Modem receive and sent back BRAS receive 5 OAM cells OAM cells traverse along the network OAM cells traverse along the network


Logical Connectivity :Logical Connectivity Loopback from DSLAM Can request ANOC to perform the loopback OR using BMS BRAS DSLAM modem VP 24 VCI 201 VP 0 VCI 35 ATM Modem receive OAM cells and sent back OAM cells traverse along the network Direction UP OAM cells traverse along the network DSLAM sent 5 OAM cells BRAS receive OAM cells and sent back Direction DOWN OAM cells traverse along the network OAM cells traverse along the network Loopback Type End2End OR Segment


Hands-on :Hands-on Test gear handling How to do OAM loopback


Slide 29:HOME NETWORKING


What is Router :What is Router A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or a LAN and its ISP’s network. /WAN WAN


What is switch :What is switch Switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI Model, the Data-Link Layer. This is in contrast to routers, which operate at Layer 3 of the OSI Model, the Network Layer. A switch stores the MAC Address of every device which is connected to it. The switch will then evaluate every frame that passes through it. The switch will examine the destination MAC Address in each frame.


Private and Public IP address :Private and Public IP address IP Address is a name for a computer,  every computer that wants to send or receive data on the internet needs to have an IP address. Because an IP address acts as an identification number, no two computers on the internet can have the same IP address.  The IP address is a number that is used to identify a device, a set of 4 three digit numbers divided by periods. The numbers of an IP address range from 0 to 255 Public IP is visible in internet Private IP address is visible only within a company or organization (LAN) 192.168.0.2 Local Area Network (LAN) Private IP 192.168.0.6 192.168.0.7 Dynamic IP Router Other user in Internet 217.202.89.4 60.53.225.170 Internet WAN 219.93.218.47 Public IP address


DHCP :DHCP DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Is a software protocol that automatically assigns temporary IP addresses to client stations logging onto an IP network. It eliminates having to manually assign permanent "static" IP addresses. The IP address will be released when clients stations leaved/logout from the network c


NAT :NAT – Network Address Translator Is a technology, which is implemented in a router, firewall or PC, converts private IP addresses (such as in the 192.168.0.0 range) of the machine on the internal private network to one or more public IP addresses for the Internet. It changes the packet headers to new address and keeps track of them via internal tables that it builds. When packets come back from the Internet, NAT uses the tables to perform the reverse conversion to the IP address of the client machine. NAT is also provided with Windows Internet Connection Sharing NAT Modem as router 192.168.1.5 192.168.1.6 192.168.1.8 192.168.1.1/24 Broadcast 192.168.1.255 Network 192.168.1.0 Available IP address 1~254 219.95.175.139 from network PRIVATE PUBLIC


PORT MAPPING :PORT MAPPING Usually, multiple network-based applications run simultaneously on a single computer - applications for file sharing, web serving, printing, etc. A port number represents an endpoint or "channel" for network communications.  Port numbers allow different applications on the same computer to utilize network resources without interfering with each other. When one computer sends data to another computer, it sends it from a port on an IP address to a port on an IP address.  Port numbers can theoretically range from 0 to 65535. For example,  ports make it possible for you to check your email and browse the web at the same time. This is possible because browsing the web uses port 80, and getting your email uses port 110. Port mapping is needed when one TCP/IP connection is shared by multiple computers through a router. From outside, all those computers are basically one computer (the router). To reach a specific computer, one therefore needs to map or bridge specific ports on the router to specific ports on specific computers. Thus, any incoming request from outside the network can be passed on from the router to the computer in the network. Commonly used port number


PORT MAPPING :PORT MAPPING Illustration on port mapping


Port Forwarding :Port Forwarding Port Forwarding simply tells the router which computer on the local area network to send the data to. When you have port forwarding rules set up, your router takes the data off of the external IP address and port number and sends that data to an internal IP address and port number.  Allowing your router to direct ports to a private IP address. The data on these ports is always incoming data, and always originates on an external public IP address 1. Incoming packet addressed to 24.210.27.230:6995 4.Incoming packet addressed to 24.210.27.230:1110 5.Router does not know what to do with the packet. It’ll discard


PORT FORWARDING :PORT FORWARDING


Port Triggering :Port Triggering Allowing your router to dynamically open up ports, when it sees data on other ports. Port triggering allows you to do port forwarding, but only have the ports open when you are running the application. So you open up a program. That program then sends data out on outgoing ports called trigger ports. Your router sees data leaving your network on these ports. The router then allows incoming data on the ports specified in your port triggering configuration. When the router no longer sees data going out on the trigger ports, it turns off access to the incoming ports Universal Plug and Play With UPnP, a device can dynamically join a network, obtain an IP address, convey its capabilities, and learn about the presence and capabilities of other devices—all automatically; truly enabling zero configuration networks. Devices can subsequently communicate with each other directly; thereby further enabling peer to peer networking. UPnP


How to configure Wireless Router :How to configure Wireless Router Make sure you have active internet connection Connect you PC to one of open network port in your wireless router (any port that isn’t labeled as Internet/WAN/WLAN) Open the router’s administrative tool through IE. You'll be prompted with username and password. Select Wireless module First is to set wireless network name, often called as SSID. Choose something unique Select Channel : Auto (if available or 6) Authentication type OPEN Enable Wireless encryption (WEP). Choose 64-bit (10 character Hex) or 128-bits (longer). Combinations of 10 character a~f, 0~9. This 10 chars also known as network key. Act as a password before a wireless device can be connected


How to configure wireless adapter :How to configure wireless adapter Make sure you have wireless network support Right-click the wireless network icon in the lower-right corner of your screen, and then click View Available Wireless Networks. The Wireless Network Connection window should appear and you should see your wireless network listed with the network name you chose. If you don't see your network, click Refresh network list in the upper-left corner. Click your network, and then click Connect in the lower-right corner. Windows XP prompts you to enter a key. Type the encryption key or network key Windows XP will show its progress as it connects to your network. After you're connected, you can now close the Wireless Network Connection window. You're done. Note: If the Wireless Network Connection window continues to show Acquiring Network Address, you may have mistyped the encryption key


PPOE-Router after bridge modem :PPOE-Router after bridge modem under WAN connection module – enter username and password for streamyx Protocol set as PPPoE Set wireless connection Ensure that IP address router is not the same range/class of IP address modem eg modem set as 192.168.1.1 subnet 255.255.255.0 change router IP to 192.168.0.1 Under LAN or DHCP module – set enable DHCP Limit IP address range to avoid congestion Set DNS to obtain automatic or DNS relay Enable NAT Always check connection status whether IP address obtained


PPOE - Router after modem router :PPOE - Router after modem router Username and password set in modem. Ensure connection status before proceed to connecting to router Ensure that IP address router is not the same range/class of IP address modem eg modem set as 192.168.1.1 subnet 255.255.255.0 change router IP to 192.168.0.1 Protocol set as Dynamic IP Set wireless connection Under LAN or DHCP module – set enable DHCP Limit IP address range to avoid congestion Set DNS to obtain automatic or DNS relay Enable NAT Enable UPnP Wireless Router Modem as router RJ 11 ADSL port RJ 45 WAN port RJ 45 LAN port


PPOE - Wireless modem router :PPOE - Wireless modem router Set username and password for streamyx connection. Protocol set as PPPoE ATM PVC Setting VP 0 VC35 Set wireless connection Under LAN or DHCP module – set enable DHCP Limit IP address range (start and end IP address) to avoid congestion Set DNS to obtain automatic or DNS relay Enable NAT Enable UPnP Always check connection status whether IP address obtained


Hands-on :Hands-on Configure modem and router and connect to DSL line Configure wireless connection and connect to DSL line Setup small LAN Problem simulation Given problem, find the cause and restore