egypt1 120407 final

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By: sshapiro (54 month(s) ago)

Martha, this is best work yet!

 

By: Umesh (54 month(s) ago)

Nice work Martha

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Ancient Egypt: 

Ancient Egypt Martha Gilchrist

Economics: 

Economics How were the people fed?

Trade: 

Trade Began in 4th century B.C.E Traded with countries easily accessed by water Imports: silver, iron, cedar, horses, ivory, copper, cattle, skins, spices Exports: gold/minerals, wheat, barley, papyrus scrolls

Money: 

Money No fixed prices No coin money Prices were bargained Price measured in debin 5 oz copper

Jobs: 

Jobs Most were farmers Had specialists Gov. officials, soldiers, scribes, doctors, merchants, fishermen, hunters, bankers, carpenters Artists, dancers, spinners, weavers, jewelers

Schooling: 

Schooling Children attended between the ages of 4 and 14 Learned reading, writing, math Boys learned father’s profession at a young age

Slide8: 

Animals

Farming: 

Farming On fertile banks of Nile River Flooding, growing, harvesting seasons Annual floods left fertile mud Crops: wheat, fruits, vegetables Animals: goats, cattle, pig, duck, geese Irrigation was essential Used canals to get water from river

Castes: 

Castes Decided by wealth Top- Pharaoh (ruled all) Upper- Royal family, gov., priests, soldiers Middle- Farmers, skilled workers Low- Servants and slaves To escape poverty; had no money

Military: 

Military How were the people protected?

Individuals of Interest: 

Individuals of Interest Montu- falcon warrior/sun god General Weni- led army into battles Ahmose- Secured N and S boarders Ramses II- general of New Kingdom; secured boaders Ramses III- maintained existance of country

Montu and Ramses II: 

Montu and Ramses II

Technology of Military: 

Technology of Military Spears, clubs, sticks, daggers, shields Quiver, battle axe Scalloped headed axe Chariots, composite bow, narrow axe Sickle sword, body armor

Slide19: 

Pharaoh is Commander in Chief 10 % of males served Both army and navy Needed full time

Helped to build an empire!!!: 

Helped to build an empire!!!

Government: 

Government How were the people governed?

Dominated by Pharaoh: 

Dominated by Pharaoh King was a god, not a man Had absolute power over empire and people Priests/nobility- advisors

Also a theocracy: 

Also a theocracy Ruled by clergy Vizier (prime minister) Chief treasurer Tax collector Minister of the public Army commander

Taxes : 

Taxes Paid in goods/labor Labor tax Army drafts Forced labor

Backed by Religion: 

Backed by Religion

Law and Courts: 

Law and Courts How were the disputes settled between people?

Administration/Taxation: 

Administration/Taxation Divided into districts (nomes) Each has a governor

Pharaoh…: 

Pharaoh… Proclaimed laws Delivered justice Kept laws in order

Rights: 

Rights Laws based on right and wrong Men and women were equal Both had many rights

Punishment : 

Punishment Fines Facial mutilation Exile Serious death Drowned Burned at the steak Decapitated

Writing: 

Writing How did people communicate ideas and information?

Slide35: 

In Hieroglyphics Picture symbols It was important to record information Government Religion

Hieroglyphics: 

Hieroglyphics Began- 3,000 B.C.E Inscribe temples Record sacred text 700 symbols No vowels On papyrus scrolls In ink Carved Painted Simple cursive (everyday)

Religion: 

Religion How was the spiritual life of the people organized?

Gods and Goddesses : 

Gods and Goddesses Influenced activity and nature on Earth Re- main god/sun god. Good harvests Isis- devoted mother/wife Osiris- vegetation and dead Horus- sky god; w/ falcon head

Priests: 

Priests People usually prayed at home King= Chief priest Job was to serve god/deity

The Afterlife: 

The Afterlife It could/should be enjoyed Made pyramids/tombs Mummies last forever Filled tombs w/ useful items Clothes Jewels Food

Art: 

Art How were the values and ideals of the people symbolized?

Influence: 

Influence Nature/every day things Religion Beliefs shown Pictures of gods/goddesses Color- perfection in afterlife

Forms: 

Forms Mummy cases Relief art Statues

Mummy Cases: 

Mummy Cases Dead bodies of kings could rest Were able to enjoy afterlife

Relief Art: 

Relief Art Pictures carved into layers of limestone Showed about everything

Statues: 

Statues Of gods/goddesses Symbol of peoples’ beliefs Had to be youthful figures

Architecture: 

Architecture How were the spirit and power of the civilization projected in its structures and temples?

Forms: 

Forms Pyramids Temples The Great Sphinx

Pyramids at Giza: 

Pyramids at Giza

Pyramids: 

Pyramids Built for tombs of pharaohs/queens Made of stone; gold stone on top Shape First land at beginning of time Slope sides- can climb them to heaven Represent rays of the sun

King Tut’s Pyramid: 

King Tut’s Pyramid

Temples: 

Temples Mysterious places! Made of stone- last forever! Looked impressive Covered in scenes Homes of gods/goddesses Each dedicated to one Worshiped by priests Sacred lake at end for rituals

Temple: 

Temple

The Great Sphinx: 

The Great Sphinx Large human w/ lion’s head Carved out of natural mound of rock Guards pyramids at Giza Story Written on paws Boy falls asleep nearby and uncovers it

Technology: 

Technology What were a few of the most significant technological accomplishments and breakthroughs?

Tools: 

Tools Change from… Copper Bronze Iron

Calendar: 

Calendar 10 days: 1week 3 weeks: 1 month 4 months: 1 season 3 seasons: 1 year 365 days: 1 year First pple w/ that calculation

Clocks: 

Clocks Sundial Circle w/ #s around; stick in middle Shadow on certain #= certain time Water clock Water at certain level= certain time

Inside monuments: 

Inside monuments Ramps Levers Rollers

Slide77: 

Thank you for watching my presentation of the civilization of Ancient Egypt.