Contexts of teaching

Contexts of teaching : 

Contexts of teaching

Motivation – what is it? : 

Motivation – what is it? Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior Two theories: Behaviourist Cognitive

In the classroom : 

In the classroom Examples of positive reinforcement? Examples of negative reinforcement? What role does the anticipation of reinforcement play?

Cognitive theory : 

Cognitive theory

Cognitive theory : 

Cognitive theory

Cognitive theory : 

Cognitive theory

Pyramid of needs in class : 

Pyramid of needs in class Make your own pyramid of needs in a classroom

Source of motivation : 

Source of motivation In ancient times scholars worked for their own improvement;nowadays they seek only to win the approval of others. Confucius (551-479 BCE)

Which is most powerful? : 

Which is most powerful? Extrinsic Intrinsic

Slide 15: 

praised lavishly promised treats no reward

Slide 16: 

had been praised lavishly had been promised treats no reward One week later…

Do rewards work? : 

Do rewards work? Do rewards motivate students? Absolutely: they motivate students to get rewards.

From ex to in… : 

From ex to in… Extrinsic pressures School curriculum Tests Competition Never fail Intrinsic innovation Learner-centered, personal goals Peer checking, self-checking Cooperative learning, group work Risk-taking, innovation, creativity

Intrinsically motivating techniques : 

Intrinsically motivating techniques Appeal to genuine interests Clearly aware of purpose Student have some choice Discovery learning Encourage strategy development Contribute to independence Foster cooperation Reasonably challenging Positive and enthusiastic manner Sufficient feedback (teacher / peer) Appeal to genuine interests Clearly aware of purpose Student have some choice Discovery learning Encourage strategy development Contribute to independence Foster cooperation Reasonably challenging Positive and enthusiastic manner Sufficient feedback (teacher / peer)

Activities in the classroom - brainstorm : 

Activities in the classroom - brainstorm Info gap activity …

Intrinsically motivating? : 

Intrinsically motivating? Measure against ten criteria. Report back.

Intrinsically motivation techniques : 

Intrinsically motivation techniques Appeal to genuine interests Clearly aware of purpose Student have some choice Discovery learning Encourage strategy development Contribute to independence Foster cooperation Reasonably challenging Positive and enthusiastic manner Sufficient feedback (teacher / peer)

Learner variables : 

Learner variables

Age : 

Age

Teaching children : 

Teaching children Intellectual development Attention span Sensory input Affective factors Meaningful language >11 concrete operations – avoid abstracts Here and now, variety, animated, humour, curiosity Physical, hands-on, visual aids Fragile egos, laugh with not at, patience Whole language, context-authentic

Age : 

Age

Teaching adults : 

Teaching adults Intellectual development Attention span Sensory input Affective factors Meaningful language Handle abstract rules and concepts Variety, but more tolerant Appeal to multiple senses when possible Less fragile egos, more self-confidence Authenticity but can deal with context-reduced segments

Age : 

Age

Teaching teens : 

Teaching teens Intellectual development Attention span Sensory input Affective factors Meaningful language <12 logic, abstract rules and concepts Lengthening but open to distraction Appeal to multiple senses when possible Ego ultra sensitive, no embarrassment, affirm talent, allow mistakes, reduce risk Authenticity but can deal with language points

Level : 

Level

Common European Framework for Languages : 

Common European Framework for Languages

Beginning, Intermediate and Advanced levels : 

Beginning, Intermediate and Advanced levels Students cognitive learning process Role of the teacher Teacher talk Authenticity of language Fluency and accuracy Student creativity Techniques Listening and speaking goals Reading and writing goals Grammar