testing of hypothesis

SEMINOR on Business Research Methodology : 

SEMINOR on Business Research Methodology Sri vaishnavi kamalakannan II M.Com ., Department of Commerce School of Business studies Madurai Kamaraj University

Introduction: 

Introduction Hypothesis is usually considered as the principal instrument in research. Its main function is to suggest new experiments and observations. In fact, many experiments are carried out with the deliberate object of testing hypotheses. Decision-makers often face situations wherein they are interested in testing hypotheses on the basis of available information and then take decisions on the basis of such testing.

What Is A Hypothesis?: 

What Is A Hypothesis? Ordinarily, when one talks about hypothesis, one simply means a mere assumption or some supposition to be proved or disproved . But for a researcher hypothesis is a formal question that he intends to resolve . Thus a hypothesis may be defined as a proposition or a set of proposition set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide some investigation or accepted as highly probable in the light of established facts. Quite often a research hypothesis is a predictive statement, capable of being tested by scientific methods, that relates an independent variable to some dependent variable.

Characteristics of Hypothesis: 

Characteristics of Hypothesis Hypothesis should be clear and precise . Hypothesis should be capable of being tested . Hypothesis should state relationship between variables. Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific .

Cont.,: 

Cont., Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so that the same is easily understandable by all concerned. Hypothesis should be consistent with most known facts. Hypothesis should be amenable to testing within a reasonable time. Hypothesis must explain the facts that gave rise to the need for explanation.

Parametric and Standard Test: 

BASIC CONCEPTS CONCERNING TESTING OF HYPOTHESES Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis The level of significance Decision rule or test of hypothesis Two-tailed and One-tailed tests Parametric and Standard Test

Conti.,: 

Conti., PROCEDURE FOR HYPOTHESIS TESTING Making a formal statement Selecting a significance level Deciding the distribution to use Selecting a random sample and computing an appropriate value Calculation of the probability Comparing the probability

Slide 9: 

Two tailed test

Non-Parametric or Distribution –free test: 

Non-Parametric or Distribution –free test Sign Tests Fisher-Irwin Test McNemer Test Wilcoxon Matched-pairs Test (or Signed Rank Test) Rank Sum Tests One Sample Runs Test Spearman’s Rank Correlation Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance

conclusion: 

conclusion From this I conclude that “ an effective research can’t be fulfill the objectives without Hypothesis” So a researcher should have a thorough knowledge in this field of fixing and testing of hypothesis.