Progetto

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" All for Will " in " Mr. Shakespeare, not only words "

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Historical context Between the 1558 and the 1603 Elizabeth I Tudor was the queen of England and Ireland. The attack of the Spanish Armada was one of the most important events of this age. On the 7th august of the 1558 the Spanish fleet entered in the English channel .the Spanish Armada wanted to conquer England, but the British won the war. The religious politics of the queen relied on the Anglican religion and so there were some contrasts between the Protestants and the Catholics. In 1570 the Queen was excommunicated . During the Elizabethan age England became a commercial and maritime power: the crafts of the glass ,the paper, the wool, the silk were very developed.. With the colonization of the North America it was founded a colony called Virginia, a tribute for the queen. In that period it was founded the British Company of the Oriental Indians and the purse of London, that became the most important in Europe.

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The population of Elizabethan England was less than 5 millions , London had a population of 200,000. People moved from the countryside to the towns and the city for working as traders .The wool trade became very popular in this period. The heir of Elizabeth was James I. Also the king had some religious contrasts about the tolerance with the Puritan; but James not accorded the tolerance. He traduced the Holy Bible in English, called the Bibles of James. After the conspiracy of Catholics , he persecuted so much the Catholics. He did an alliance with the Spain with the wedding between his son and the princess of Spain, because it was more powerful than England. But the alliance had been criticized by the Protestants.

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William Shakespeare BIOGRAPHY: William Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England’s national poet and the “Bard of Avon”. William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford on Avon and his father John was a bourgeois. As a child he attended probably the local grammar school and he studied Latin. He married Anna Hathaway in 1582. Shakespeare’s first daughter, Susan, was born in 1583, than two years later, Hamnet and Judith. We don’t know when, but Shakespeare travelled in London and here he became an actor and playwright. He wrote between 1590 and 1592 Henry VI in these years he met Southampton’s duke and with his help Shakespeare became a joint owner of Globe theatre and the Blackfriars.

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Between 1593 and 1594 he produced two epiucs and the same time 154 sonnets, that were published in 1609 The biographic information about Shakespeare’s life of these years are scarce despite he was successful. During the years 1594-1599 he produced play of the higestand verbal invention like: A Midsummer night's dream (1595), Romeo and Jiuliet(1595) , Richard II(1595) and the Merchant of Venice (1596). Between 1600 and 1606 he produced the most important Shakespeare’s literally output: Hamlet (1600-1601); Othello (1604-1605); Macbeth (1605-1606); King Lear (1605-1606). After 1610 he came back in Stratford where he bought some possessions and he led a peaceful life until his death in 1616. He was buried in Stratford parish church. [Shakespeare’s tomb] [Romeo&Juliet]

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The most known tragedies ..

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Romeo and Juliet (1595)

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Hamlet (1601)

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Othello (1604)

Other Shakespeare’s works : 

Other Shakespeare’s works The Taming of the shrew (1593) The merchant of Venice (1596) Love’s Labour lost (1593) The comedy of errors (1592) The two gentlamen of Verona A midsummer night’s dream (1595) Much ado about nothing (1598) As you like it (1599) Pericles (1608) The tempest (1611) Richard III (1593) Richard II (1595) Henry V (1599) Henry VIII (1613) King John (1594) Julius Caesar (1599) Comedies Historical Plays

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Actor in Shakespeare's company In 16th century in England there were some theatres like the Rose Theatre,the Theatre... and in Elizabethan period lot 's of companies were born that had to close fpr the plague.At the end of the plague ,in 1594,the companies were organized again and among these the Chamberlain's Men and the Admiral's Men must be remembered for it's actors. As far as concerns the former,it was led by Richard Burbage and shekespeare was a full sharer of it.While,the latter,became famous not only for the ability and the skill of the actors,but also for Shakespeare's presence because he supplied succesful works to them. At the beginning of XIV century there were two different theatrical activities: small group of actors who played in squares and innes;university students who went to rich courts. Women were not allowed to act on stage at that time ,so roles were interpreted by men who dressed up as women actually they had to wear unconfortable dresses and heavy wigs or famele parts could be performed by children or boys for the voice because it was similar to woman's voice.This was only possible until their voices changed, so there were not many boys actors avarilable;as a result there were not many women ammong the characters.

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Suddenly in 1660 women could play in theatres. The actors life was not easy. Actually their reputation was not good! Many acting troupes consisted of rogues and vagabonds, in addiction actors were not trusted. When playhouse emerged in the late 1550, acting was still considered a pretty vulgar profession to practise. there were enemies of actors especially officials who cold easily arrest actors for vagrancy. Only actors enjoying noble protection were safe. The lord Chamberlains's Men were safe by virtue of firstt being sponsored by the lord Chamberlain of Elisabeth I and later by King James's. the most important actor of this company was not William Shakespeare but Richard Burbage who was considerate the greatest Elizabethan actor and he played roles as Hamlet king James and Othello. There were many others actors in the Lord Chamberlain's Men: Will Kemp who was a comic actor in their troupe, he played certanely Peter, a servant to Juliet's nurse in Romeo and Juliet; Robert Armin, moa famous for his role as deceptively wise Fool in King Lear and he also distinguished himself as the insightful clown Feste in Twelfth Night and as Touchstone in As you like it.

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Life in 16th century The life of people in 16th century was devastated by the Black Death (also know as the bubonic plague and black plague). The lives of Elizabethans were hard, the mortality rate was high due to frequent outbreaks of the Bubonic Plague and life expectation was low. Life was very self-sufficent. Water was not clean so people drunk ale. Elizabethan Food and Drink varied according to status and wealth. In the early Medieval era meat was a sign of wealth. But as the population rose, this was supported by improving agricultural techniques and inventions. The Elizabethan era also saw the introductions of different food from the New World. And the Elizabethan period saw the expanded use of sugar. Elizabethan Women were subservient to men. They were dependent on their male relatives to support them. They were used to forge alliances with other powerful families through arranged marriages. There was little dispute over such arrangements as Elizabethan women were raised to believe that they were inferior to men and that men knew better!

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Elizabethan women were tutored at home - there were no schools for girls, they were not allowed to enter University, they could not become Doctors or Lawyers, they didn’t have the right to vote and they were not allowed to enter politics, they were not allowed to act in theatres (but woman at court were allowed to perform in the Masques).Elizabethan women from wealthy and noble families were sometimes allowed the privilege of an Education. Elizabethan Entertainment was extremely important to people who lived in the Elizabethan era, it was popular whenever there was something to celebrate! A betrothal, wedding, victories and festivals. Court entertainment was regular, often a nightly occurrence combined with feasts, jousts and banquets often accompanied by music and dancing. But the poor people enjoyed entertainment from acting troupes, tournaments, dancing, trained animals, mummers (dancers), mystery plays, jugglers and strolling players. Tournaments, Games, Sports, Gaming and Gambling also played an important part in Elizabethan entertainment. The most important form of entertainment was the theatre.

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The theater goers The Elizabethan Theatre attracted people from all classes - the Upper Class nobility and the Lower class commoners. The London play goers of the 16th century loved the Theatre! It was their opportunity to see the great plays of William Shakespeare. Theatres could hold 1500 people and this number expanded to 3000 with the people who crowded outside the theatres. Nobles would have paid for the better seats in the Lord's rooms paying 5d for the privilege, the Commoners would have stood in the theatre pit and paid 1d entrance fee. They put 1 penny in a box at the theatre entrance. The prices were determined by the comfort of the seats. Flags were erected on the day of the performance which sometimes displayed a picture advertising the next play to be performed. Colour coding was used to advertise the type of play to be performed - a black flag meant a tragedy , white a comedy and red a history.

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A crest displaying Hercules bearing the globe on his shoulders together with the motto "Totus mundus agit histrionem" ( the whole world is a playhouse ) was displayed above the main entrance of the Globe Theater. This phrase was slightly re-worded in the William Shakespeare play As You Like It - "All the world’s a stage" which was performed at the Globe Theater. Special effects were also a spectacular addition at the Elizabethan theaters thrilling the audiences with smoke effects, the firing of a real canon, fireworks (for dramatic battle scenes) and spectacular 'flying' entrances from the rigging in the 'heavens'. Men and women attended plays, but often the prosperous women would wear a mask to disguise their identity. The plays were extremely popular and attracted vast audiences to the Elizabethan Theatres. There were no toilet facilities and people relieved themselves outside. Sewage was buried in pits or disposed of in the River Thames. The audiences only dropped during outbreaks of the bubonic plague, which was unfortunately an all too common occurrence during the Elizabethan era. This happened in 1593, 1603 and 1608 when all Elizabethan theatres were closed due to the Bubonic Plague (The Black Death). [The Globe theatre]

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The End Thank you for watching

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Progetto etwinning: “ Mr.Shakespeare, not only words ” Gruppo : “All for Will ” Componenti: Rossana Napoletano, Francesca Lacitignola, Francesca Aprile, Michele Capodiferro