The Pacific Theater

Slide 1: 

The Pacific Theater of Operations

Character of the Enemy : 

Character of the Enemy Kamikaze attacks “divine wind” suicidal airplane attacks Banzai attacks suicidal wave after wave of soldiers “Death before dishonor” Absolutely NO surrender Live and die by the bushido warrior code “way of the warrior” Permitted a warrior to determine right from wrong

The Bushido Code : 

The Bushido Code Justice Politeness Courage Courage is to live when it is right to live and to die when it is right to die. To rush into battle half heartedly, not making the full effort because you “know” you won’t live anyway lacks real courage. To engage in a seemingly hopeless battle and not give up until your time is up is courageous. Benevolence Honor To the Samurai, honor was the understanding of their own worth and dignity, and the understanding of their station in life, responsibilities and duties, and how continued correct practice of their code ensured their good reputation. From early in life, shame was used to educate children in what was correct behavior and what was not. Thus, honor was an understanding of their moral responsibilities Loyalty To the Samurai, loyalty was the center of the Bushido code – loyalty to family, loyalty to other Samurai, and loyalty to those whom you serve was given freely.

U.S. Naval Power : 

U.S. Naval Power Battleships Ship-to-ship combat Destroyers Ship-to-land combat Aircraft Carriers Aerial combat

Battleships : 

Battleships

Destroyers : 

Destroyers

Aircraft Carriers : 

Aircraft Carriers

Slide 9: 

Adm. Chester Nimitz Sea forces in the Pacific U.S. Military Leaders

Slide 10: 

Gen. Douglas MacArthur Land forces in the Pacific

Fighting Tactics : 

Fighting Tactics Island Hopping (*pretty obvious?) Coastal Bombardments * Aerial Fights * Amphibious Assaults * Jungle Fighting * Secret Codes Imperial Japanese code At the peak of activity around 35,000 people were “breaking codes” By 1942, Allies could read all Japanese secret messages U.S. Navajo code-talkers The only secret code that was never broken

Navajo Codetse-gah wol-la-chee na-hash-chid ah-jah dah-nes-tsa na-as-tso-si wol-la-chee tsah : 

Navajo Codetse-gah wol-la-chee na-hash-chid ah-jah dah-nes-tsa na-as-tso-si wol-la-chee tsah

Navajo Code Alphabet : 

Navajo Code Alphabet A WOL-LA-CHEE B NA-HASH-CHID C BA-GOSHI D LHA-CHA-EH E AH-JAH F TSA-E-DONIN-EE G AH-TAD H TSE-GAH I A-CHI J AH-YA-TSINNE K BA-AH-NE-DI-TININ L AH-JAD M NA-AS-TSO-SI N TSAH O A-KHA P CLA-GI-AIH Q CA-YEILTH R DAH-NES-TSA S DIBEH T A-WOH U NO-DA-IH V A-KEH-DI-GLINI W GLOE-IH X AL-NA-AS-DZOH Y SAH-AS-ZIH Z BESH-DO-TLIZ

Navajo Code Talkers : 

Navajo Code Talkers United Streaming Navajo Code 9:10 – 19:15

The Doolittle Raid : 

The Doolittle Raid Led by Colonel James Doolittle and planned by FDR Carried out to boost U.S. moral only months after the bombing of Pearl Harbor 16 B-25 bombers took off from aircraft carriers near Japan, but couldn’t land on them due to the shortened runways The planes bombed Tokyo and crash-landed in Japanese-occupied China. 71 out of 80 crew members survived Significance = ???

Slide 17: 

Japan takes Manila in ‘42 US & Filipino troops surrendered, but... Fall of the Philippines

Slide 18: 

Bataan Death March …they were forced to march 65 miles from the Bataan Peninsula:

Slide 19: 

“I shall return!” Who is this man?

STOP : 

STOP Do the Bataan Death March reading

Look how racist the following posters are. : 

Look how racist the following posters are. Why do you think the U.S. government allow such harsh and racist images to be used? Would these be allowed today?

How do you think the Bataan Death March changed anti-Japanese propaganda? : 

How do you think the Bataan Death March changed anti-Japanese propaganda?

STOP : 

STOP Use the following slides with “Major Battles of the PTO” noteguide.

Slide 29: 

Japanese captured Hong Kong, French Indochina, Malaya, Burma, Thailand, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Philippines, Guam, Wake Island, part of Aleutian islands. After Pearl Harbor...

Notes: Major Battles of the PTO : 

Notes: Major Battles of the PTO Organize your notes by the six major battles. You are only responsible for red notes. Example: Coral Sea 1st battle where AC carriers did most of the fighting Midway Guadalcanal Leyte Gulf Iwo Jima Okinawa

Slide 32: 

Coral Sea May ‘42 1: Battle of Coral Sea

Slide 33: 

Result: Australia was saved U.S. victory! 1st battle where AC carriers did most of fighting (not battleships)

Slide 34: 

Crew of the USS Lexington abandoning ship

Slide 35: 

2: Battle of Midway June ‘42 NW of Hawaii

Slide 37: 

4 Japanese aircraft carriers & 100s of “zeros” destroyed 1st major Japanese defeat!!!  “Turning Point” of the PTO

Slide 38: 

Hiryu on fire & drifting after attack by US carrier Air Forces US Strategy in Pacific Theater?

Slide 40: 

STEPS:1.Capture key island2.Build base/airfield3.Move to the next island4. Repeat Goal: Get within striking distance of Japan

Slide 41: 

STOP We will finish the other PTO battles later.

Slide 42: 

3: Guadalcanal Japan built an airfield in Guadalcanal to invade Australia

Slide 43: 

10,000 U.S. Marines were sent to take the island and airfield Aug 7, ‘42

Slide 44: 

1st U.S. amphibious assault in the Pacific

Slide 45: 

ENEMY = Nature

Slide 46: 

Fight to the death!

Slide 48: 

Largest naval battle in history (282 ships) June ‘44 4: Battle of Leyte Gulf

Slide 49: 

Kamikaze pilots were used for the first time Japanese pilots crashed into US ships with bomb-loaded planes

Slide 51: 

Despite the kamikaze attacks, the U.S. won and MacArthur returned to the Philippines on Oct 20, 1944

Slide 52: 

American flag being raised at Mt. Suribachi 5: Iwo Jima Feb. ‘45 750 miles from Japan

Slide 53: 

Follow the Bushido Code! Japanese Strategy Fight from underground tunnels Kill 10 US soldiers before you die

Slide 54: 

Launch 110,000 Marines & 880 warships to island U.S. Strategy

Slide 55: 

No front lines

Slide 57: 

One of the toughest battles of the Pacific, but the U.S. prevailed

Slide 58: 

350 miles South of Japan 6: Battle of Okinawa April ‘45 Bloodiest island fight in the PTO

Why did the U.S. need Okinawa and Iwo Jima before they could attack mainland Japan??? : 

Why did the U.S. need Okinawa and Iwo Jima before they could attack mainland Japan???

Slide 60: 

After learning how the Japanese defended their islands, what can you conclude about the end of the war in the Pacific? What would it take to force Japan to surrender?

Firebombing of Japan – Early 1945 : 

Firebombing of Japan – Early 1945 U.S. used B-29 planes to drop incendiary bombs and napalm on 66 Japanese cities over 3 months Iwo Jima and Okinawa = airbases for B-29’s Incendiary bombs = “firebombs” Napalm = sticky incendiary gel Result: Killed over 900,000 Japanese civilians Example: In just one night in Tokyo… Over 70,000 civilians were killed 16 square miles of Tokyo was destroyed by a firestorm Firestorm = A fire of great intensity that generates and is fed by strong inrushing winds from all sides

Slide 62: 

U.S. General Curtis LeMay: "I suppose if the U.S. had lost the war, I would have been tried as a war criminal."

16 square miles of Shaler Area : 

16 square miles of Shaler Area

On the firebombing of Tokyo… : 

On the firebombing of Tokyo… “They set to work at once, sowing the sky with fire. Bursts of light flashed everywhere in the darkness like Christmas trees, lifting their flame high into the night, then fell back to earth in whistling bouquets of jagged flame. Barely quarter of an hour after the raid started, the fire, whipped by the wind, began to scythe its way through the density of that wooden city. As they fell, cylinders scattered a kind of flaming dew that skidded along the roofs, setting fire to everything it splashed, and spreading a wash of dancing flames everywhere. The first version of napalm. Roofs collapsed under the bombs’ impact, and within minutes the frail houses of wood and paper were aflame, lighted from the inside like paper lanterns.”

Firebombing of Tokyo vs. Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima : 

Firebombing of Tokyo vs. Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima The atomic bombing of Hiroshima killed 80,000 people instantly and tens of thousands more through nuclear fallout The firebombing of Tokyo alone killed over 70,000 civilians in one night Which was worse? Why?