8 - World War I Begins & Horrors of War

Slide 1: 

Write a caption for this political cartoon “A Chain of Friendship” – Brooklyn Eagle, 1914 If Austria attacks Serbia, Russia will fall upon Austria, Germany upon Russia, and France and England upon Germany.

Slide 2: 

Europe's War WWI...

Slide 3: 

MAIN 4 Causes... Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism

THE BALKAN CRISIS Austria-Hungary and the Slavs: 

THE BALKAN CRISIS Austria-Hungary and the Slavs Serbs , Bosnians , Croats , and Slovenes ( Southern Slavs or Yugoslavs ) sought to break free from Austria-Hungary The Serbs were the first to break free, forming Serbia Russia supported the Serbs while Austria-Hungary did not. In 1908, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia. Serbia feared Austria-Hungary would never let the Slavic people in its empire become independent. Balkans = powder keg  One spark = War

Slide 5: 

The spark that started WWI... ? The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Slide 6: 

Visiting Sarajevo : capital of Austrian province of Bosnia Heir to throne in Austria-Hungary Sophie Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Slide 7: 

Assassination June 28, 1914 Both killed by Gavrilo Princip , member of the Black Hand , a secret society of Slavic extremists

Slide 9: 

Triple Entente (Allies) : GB, France, & Russia Entangling Alliances

Slide 10: 

Once war breaks out, the Triple Entente will become the ALLIED POWERS 1. G.B. 2. France 3. Russia 4. Plus Italy a little later

Slide 11: 

Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, & Italy Central Powers : Germany, A-H, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria Their Rival?

Slide 13: 

Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia WHY? How it went down...

Slide 14: 

Russia is allied with Serbia...mobilizes troops down towards Serbia

Slide 15: 

Germany declared war on Russia & France WHY? Russia & France are allies

Slide 16: 

Germany invaded neutral Belgium on way to France WHY? 1st strike (avoid a two front war)

Slide 17: 

Britain declared war on Germany WHY? Germans now too close to G.B.!

Slide 18: 

Italy joined Allies later Remember this!

Slide 19: 

Use the pull-down map: Austria-Hungary declared war on _________. O.K., now it's your turn

Slide 20: 

Germany drives to within 30 miles of Paris but was stopped by British and French troops at the Battle of the Marne Both sides get locked in a bloody stalemate in TRENCHES that are hundreds of miles long

Slide 21: 

Horrors of War

Slide 22: 

Trench warfare Primary form of warfare

Slide 23: 

No-man’s-land 30 Yards Space between opposing trenches

Slide 24: 

Trenches

Slide 27: 

“Frustrated Ingenuity”

Slide 29: 

Soldiers fix their bayonets before going “over the top”

Slide 30: 

Western Front was a stalemate , or tie Germany France WHY?

Slide 31: 

Weeks turned into months Disease, rats, lice

Slide 32: 

Rotten food

Slide 33: 

Water logged trenches Led to...

Slide 34: 

Trench Foot!

Medical Definition of Trench foot : 

Medical Definition of Trench foot A condition of the feet produced by prolonged exposure of the feet to water. Exposure for 48 hours or more to warm water causes “tropical immersion foot” or “warm-water immersion foot” Trench foot results from prolonged exposure to cold, without actual freezing. It was common in trench warfare during world war I, when soldiers stood, sometimes for hours, in trenches with a few inches of cold water in them. Was common in Vietnam where troops were exposed to prolonged or repeated wading in paddy fields or streams. ( andrews' diseases of the skin, 8th ed , p27) (12 Dec 1998)

What about Trench Mouth?: 

What about Trench Mouth ? Trench mouth earned its nickname because of its prevalence among soldiers who were stuck in the trenches during World War I without the means to take care of their teeth properly...for months at a time! Trench mouth is a severe form of gingivitis that causes painful, infected, bleeding gums and ulcerations. Although trench mouth is rare today in developed nations, it's common in developing countries that have poor nutrition and poor living conditions.

Slide 42: 

Industrialized War Number of deaths are phenomenal! New technology, but old techniques

Slide 43: 

2. Automatic machine guns 1. Tanks introduced! (Mud & trenches)

Slide 45: 

British Howitzer 1914 Big Bertha 1914 3. Artillery

Slide 46: 

4. Hand grenades One result of these new weapons...

Slide 47: 

Amputees

Slide 48: 

5. Flame Throwers

Slide 49: 

6. Poison gas & gas masks First Germany, then Allies

Slide 50: 

British soldiers blinded by mustard gas

Slide 51: 

7. Aircraft - bombings & surveillance

Slide 52: 

Dogfights & Aces Plane-to-plane combat

Slide 53: 

8. U-Boats U = Untersee (under the sea) German subs Sunk supply ships

Slide 54: 

U.S. position so far... Neutrality It’s Europe’s war!

Slide 55: 

Wilson asks America not to choose sides Wilson knew U.S. interests leaned toward Allies But...