BG Collaboration- Shreeve's Experts and Their Views of Race

Slide 1: 

Shreeve’s Experts In “Terms of Estrangement” Should the term “race” by used?? Collaboration by Section BG

Who is James Shreeve?: 

Who is James Shreeve? James Shreeve is the author of The Neandertal Enigma: Solving the Mystery of Modern Human Origin, and coauthor of Lucy’s Child: The Discovery of a Human Ancestor. His articles have appeared in The Atlantic Monthly, Discover, National Geographic, Science, Smithsonian, and other publications. He has been a fellow of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and of the Alicia Patterson Foundation. Shreeve lives in South Orange, New Jersey. (Source: Random House Website)

His View on Using "Race": 

His View on Using "Race" He is the author of the text, but never clearly indicates his own position on the issue of whether the word race should be used or not for classifying humans. But the article concludes with Smouse's quotes, so that may be Shreeve's view. See Smouse below.

Our Reaction to His Views: 

Our Reaction to His Views I think the article would be more interesting if he had a clear argument. His view is not clear. However, his conclusion using Smouse's view might indicate his own feelings on the issue.

Jonathan Marks: 

Jonathan Marks (1955- ) ARW sec. BG Aqua Wakabayashi Megumi Yoshino

Slide 6: 

Who he is? Jonathan Marks is a biological anthropologist at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He did post-doctoral research in the genetics department at the University of California, Davis and after that he taught at the Yale for 10 years. The University of Colifornia, Berkeley for 3 yaers, and he teaches at the Universyity of North Carolina at Charotte now.

Slide 7: 

His View on Using "Race". He argued against the idea that "race" is a natural category. He says, " 'race' is a negotiation between patterns of biological variation and patterns of perceived difference". Also, he mentions that race is related to the cultural category and it is more subjective.

Richard Lewontin: 

Richard Lewontin His views on using race Kohei Kurihara, Mako Azumi

Who is he?    : 

Who is he? American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and social commentator. A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the notion of using techniques from molecular biology such as gel electrophoresis to apply to questions of genetic variation and evolution. He is working as a professor in Harvard University. pg 12-3,4 line 38-41, 1-2

His view on "Race": 

His view on "Race" "The concept of race does not really have much of a genetic power" . He did a research in 1972  and showed that the majority of genetic differences between humans could be found within a population for 85.4% , 8.3% could be found between population with in a race, and only 6.3% could be found between various races.

Vincent Sarich: 

Vincent Sarich His view on using race by Ayako, Sae    Sec; BG

Who is he?: 

Who is he? He was in the University of California at Berkeley and a controversial figure in biological anthropology since the late 1960s because of his view of race.

His view of using "Race": 

His view of using "Race" He thought that there is race and race is not an accident of history , though it is novel to say there are no races. Also, he considered that race was made by the geographic barriers such as mountain rages , deserts, and oceans.

Our reaction as a group: 

Our reaction as a group His ideas of geographic barriers are interesting because we never thought that the geographical features can be the cause of dividing race. Also, it seems to be reasonable in terms of the explanation of the flow of genes. However, his definition of race is unclear, so we could not decide whether we agree with him or not .

Loring Brace: 

Loring Brace Section BG Yuki Sato Sakiko Matsumoto

Who is he?: 

Who is he? Anthropologist of the University of Michigan Charles Loring Brace IV was born in Hanover , New Hampshire in 1930, a son of the writer, sailor, boat builder and teacher, Gerald Warner Brace and Hulda Potter Laird. His ancestors were New England schoolteachers and clergymen including, John P. Brace, Sarah Pierce , and the Rev. Blackleach Burritt . Brace's paternal great-grandfather, Charles Loring Brace , had worked to introduce evolution theory to America and had even corresponded with Charles Darwin . C. Loring Brace developed an early interest in biology and human evolution as a child in part by reading Roy Chapman Andrews 's popular book Meet your Ancestors , A Biography of Primitive Man (1945). He entered Williams College in Williamstown , Massachusetts , but the college did not offer a degree in anthropology , so Brace constructed his own major from geology , paleontology , and biology courses. Brace entered Harvard University in 1952 and studied physical anthropology with Ernest Hooton and later with William Howells, who introduced Brace to the new evolutionary synthesis of Darwinian evolution and population genetics . During this time he was also able to travel to Europe where he spent 1959-1960 at Oxford University , in the animal behavior laboratory of Niko Tinbergen , and traveled to Zagreb , Yugoslavia , where he inspected the collection of Neanderthal fossils collected by Dragutin Gorjanovic-Kramberger at Krapina . Brace completed his Ph.D. in 1962. He taught briefly at the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee and then at the University of California, Santa Barbara . He has spent much of his career as Professor of Anthropology at the University of Michigan and as Curator of Biological Anthropology at the university's Museum of Anthropology. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Loring_Brace>

What does he say?: 

What does he say? The concept of race was established after the invention of transportation enabled to go over the sea in the Renaissance in the 14th century. People found different people from themselves and started to categorize. These racial groupings were not authoritative but the end of commercial trade networks, which was just an accident of history.

Our opinion about his idea: 

Our opinion about his idea We do not agree with his opnion, because people including Marco Polo should have noticed the difference of physical abilities and cultures when they visited different continent. Marco Polo may not have thought that the differences of features meant the differences of races. However, he could tell other people to their characters as if the people in other continent were not as same as white people. As a result, they had a concept of race unconsciously.

Alice  Mossie Brues: 

Alice  Mossie Brues ARW Fall 2011 Sec: BG Kai Ueta Yoko Takamoto

Who is she?: 

Who is she? Alice Mossie Brues ✝1939 ～ 2007 She - was born on Oct.9, 1913, in Boston. - was a physical anthrolopolosist at the University of Cololado. - is well-known for her work in human biological variation and genetics, and especially for her pioneering work in computer simulations of genetic interactions amoung human populations. Source from Wiley Online Library http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1548-1433.2008.00019_1.x/full

What does she say about race?: 

What does she say about race? A popular political statement now is, "There is no such thing as race" I wonder what people think when they hear this. They would have to suppose that the speaker, if he were dropped by parachute into downtown Nairobi, would be unable to tell, by looking around him, whether he was in Nairobi or Stockholm. This could only damage his credibility. The visible differences between different populations of the world tell everyone that there is something there.

What does she say about race?: 

What does she say about race? There are situations when you have to talk about things , and you have to have words to do it. Forensic anthropology is one such situation. The police want to know, is this a black person, a white person, maybe an Indian? You have to use words.

Reaction to her view: 

Reaction to her view For me, I have never thoghut about the word "race" actually, so her view of "race" is really interesting for me to think about the word "race", and also why people divide people into different kinds of race which is based on skin color and something else even though we are all same human beings. I agree with her. 文字は Georgia でよろしくーー あとよーこのリアクション書いた後に Mark に共有よろしく !!!!

Douglas Ubelaker: 

Douglas Ubelaker NO definition of race Nozomu Naito, Yurika Goto

Who is he ?: 

Who is he ? Douglas Ubelaker is curator of anthropology at the National Museum at the Smithsonian Institution and regular consultant in forensic anthropology for the FBI laboratories. He is specialized in historical and present-day "North American Indian Population Size."

What does he say in Shreeve's article?: 

What does he say in Shreeve's article? p.10-5 l.10 "I choose not to define it at all. I leave the term alone." In this article, Shreeve pointed out that almost half of physical anthrpologists no longer believe that biological races exist, but Ubelaker avoid to decide the definition of "race. He doesn't think saying he choose not to define race will not make it go away. He also says that the word of "race" is not useful because it has been used in too many ways.

Our reaction to his idea: 

Our reaction to his idea We think his part is too short to understand what he really want to say. In this article, his idea is described by just few words. He says that the word of "race" is not useful, but I don't think so. Sometimes, we have to think about diversity through this word. Another question toward his saying is that even if there are no scientific bases of races, does this mean the impossibility of definition of the word, "race" ? We usually assume someone's race not only from their biological factors but also cultural ones, so perhaps we can define "race" from cultural respects.

George Armelagos: 

George Armelagos by Konatsu & Kanomari sec.BG

Who is he?: 

Who is he? An American anthropologist who has significantly impacted the field of physical anthropology in the disciplines of paleopathology and bioarchaeology. His work has provided invaluable contributions to the theoretical and methodological understanding human disease, diet and human variation within an evolutionary context. +Relevant topics include (epidemiology) , (paleopathology), (paleodemography) , (bioarchaeology) (evolutionary medicine) , (social interpretations of race)  , among others. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_J._Armelagos

What he says: 

What he says page 10-6, line 5 "it's a cop-out(avoidance) for anthropologists to continue using racial categpries just because that's what law enforcement agencies ask for." -> "If we want to educate people on the concept of race, we should be doing it at all levels."

His views/our reaction to him: 

His views/our reaction to him His view: He believes that racial categories by law enforcement agencies are just for anthropologists, not for people of all levels. He is trying to beat a conservative and authorized racial concept. Our reaction to him: Changing people's mind by removing racial terms = Outside stuff influence on inside stuff + directly appeal the public

Norm Sauer: 

Norm Sauer His view on race by Satoru and Tomo sec.BG

What he says about his field: 

What he says about his field Dr. Norm Sauer describes forensic anthropology in simple terms. Most of the work that we do is looking at bones he said. However the value from the supposedly simple work Sauer and fellow forensic anthropologist Dr. Todd Fenton do in their fourth floor East Fee Hall laboratory is invaluable to the various law enforcement agencies they assist. http://www.statenews.com/index.php/search/?q=sauer

His view on Race: 

His view on Race Page 10-5, in the bottom paragraph, he says that he might have come up with different identification if the body he identified had been found in a different country. →From this part, he indicates that what we call "race" seems to depend on where they are, and the location gives us strong differences in our perception to race. Page 10-6, in the 3rd paragraph, he says "I've come to the conclusion that if the police want race, I give them race." →From this part, it seems that he didn't have strong beliefs on race, or that he had not yet found what race was.

Reaction to his view: 

Reaction to his view

Peter Smouse: 

Peter Smouse Saki Nakajima, Erina Kitajima

Who is he?: 

Who is he? Peter Smouse is a population geneticist at Rutgers: school of environmental and biological sciences where is a university at New Jersey. *population genetic= the study of researching the flow of genes in the one particular group in aspect of time.

What is he saying?: 

What is he saying? no one would deny that there are genetic differences between   groups of people but in comparison with the differences like  chimpanzees and humans, dissimilarities shrink to "totally  nothing." It's all a matter of perspective.(10-8, L19-22) "What you make of race depends on what the question is, and who wants to know." (10-8, L23-24)

Randall Tackett: 

Randall Tackett His views on the role of race in disease By Mariko O. BG

Who is he ?: 

Who is he ? Randall L. Tackett, Ph.D. Professor of University of Georgea college of pharmacy Graduate Coordinator Clinical Administrative Pharmacy - area of expert Ethnic and Gender Differences in Cardiovascular Disease and Pharmacotherapy Mechanisms of Action of Abused Drugs and Preventative Education Mechanisms of Adverse Drug Effects : Recognition and Minimization

Main point : 

Main point In Shreeve's article, when compare whites and blacks, some investigators think that the factors of disease are come from the socioeconomic factors, and others suggested that those are derived from racial preposition. He found that racial difference of physiological mechanism is related to the factor of disease. He said "This is the first direct demonstration that there are racial difference at the level of the vasculature." He thinks medicine should be made different between whites and blacks.

Reaction: 

Reaction I think his opinion that the disease factor related on the difference of race is only one perspective. His research is not enough to decide so. It is useful to organize data, but to divide the medicine or others is connected to discrimination.