accident causation

ACCIDENT CAUSATION:

ACCIDENT CAUSATION

ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL:

ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL DOMINO THEORY BY W. H. HEINRICH

Substandard Acts & Condition Cause Accidents:

Substandard Acts & Condition Cause Accidents SUBSTANDARD ACT SUBSTANDARD CONDITION ACCIDENT 96% 4% EMPLOYEE

SUBSTANDARD ACTS:

SUBSTANDARD ACTS

Operating equipment without authority :

Operating equipment without authority Safety starts at recruitment Testing and certification Job Observations Refresher training

Operating at improper speed :

Operating at improper speed Define proper speed Emphasize during training Emphasize why employee must comply with proper speed

Improper lifting :

Improper lifting Train employee in proper lifting Lift with your legs Load close to body Load should only be 50 kgs/ for men or half his weight Load should only be 35 kgs. For women or half her weight

Improper loading:

Improper loading Vehicle load capacity is exceeded Machine or Equipment load capacity Imbalance Placement or distribution of load Creating a hazard in stacking of load or materials

Under influence of alcohol and or drugs :

Under influence of alcohol and or drugs What’s your policy on prohibited drugs? How do you monitor compliance? How do you educate your employees?

Servicing equipment in operation :

Servicing equipment in operation Maintenance procedure for servicing equipment Employee training Skills training and certification Lock-out tag-out Job observation

Improper position for task :

Improper position for task Employee training Job fitted to the person Awkward position cause accidents Prolonged exposure can give painful problems

Failure to wear PPE properly:

Failure to wear PPE properly New employee training PPE training Regular issuance Regular Job observation Coaching

Horseplay :

Horseplay Training Stop it before it hurts somebody Coaching

Failure to warn :

Failure to warn CAUTION Falling Objects Keep Away!

Failure to secure:

Failure to secure

Using equipment improperly:

Using equipment improperly

Improper placement :

Improper placement

Using defective equipment:

Using defective equipment Tools and equipment inspection procedure Inspect prior to use Tagging defective tools Disposal procedure

Tampering safety devices :

Tampering safety devices Employee training Job observations Inspections of safety devices Refresher trainings

Working Safely is a condition of employment:

Working Safely is a condition of employment

SUBSTANDARD CONDITIONS:

SUBSTANDARD CONDITIONS

Noise exposures :

Noise exposures

Radiation exposures:

Radiation exposures

High or low temperature exposure :

High or low temperature exposure

Inadequate ventilation :

Inadequate ventilation

Inadequate or excessive illumination :

Inadequate or excessive illumination

ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL:

ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL

PERSONAL FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES):

PERSONAL FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES)

Inadequate Mental/Physical capability:

Inadequate Mental/Physical capability Mental physical capability should be considered during recruitment It should also be considered in giving new task assignments

Lack of knowledge/ Skill :

Lack of knowledge/ Skill Special Training for special tasks Skill test to ensure competence

Excessive Physical/ Mental Stress :

Excessive Physical/ Mental Stress Work Pressures Personal Problems Fatigue (Not enough Rest)

Improper motivation :

Improper motivation Employees do things that make sense to them. Educate with a sense of genuine concern for safety. Follow through consistently Look and Recognize safe behavior Walk the talk Inadequate Supervision

Review of PERSONAL FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES):

Review of PERSONAL FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES) Inadequate Mental/Physical capability Lack of knowledge/ Skill Excessive Physical/ Mental Stress Improper motivation

JOB FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES):

JOB FACTORS (BASIC CAUSES)

Inadequate Supervision:

Inadequate Supervision Inadequate Policy/ guideline Inadequacy of funds/ personnel/ equipment/ material to control risk exposure. Inadequate involvement/ leadership Employee training not followed up Inadequate work planning

Inadequate Engineering :

Inadequate Engineering Risk not assessed in conceptual stage. Design specs not adequately researched. Deviation from specs. Changes made without comprehensive risk assessment

Inadequate Purchasing :

Inadequate Purchasing Inadequate specs to supplier Specs not followed Risk personnel not consulted MSDS not obtained Warning signs/ placards not specified

Inadequate Maintenance :

Inadequate Maintenance Inadequate schedule of planned maint Inadequate time for maint. Inadequate instructions Substandard lubrication used Inadequate QC of task Unqualified personnel.

Inadequate Tools & Equipment :

Inadequate Tools & Equipment Are the right tools made available? Are there enough tools for the job? Are employees encouraged to report defective tools?

Inadequate Work Standards:

Inadequate Work Standards Are work standards available? Critical task analysis made. Are work standards reviewed periodically? Job safety observations made?

Wear & Tear :

Wear & Tear What is the standard for replacement? Inspection procedure (prior to use) Testing and certification procedure

Abuse or Misuse:

Abuse or Misuse Accountability Proper use Training Job Observation Supervision

Review of BASIC CAUSES (Job Factors):

Review of BASIC CAUSES (Job Factors ) Inadequate Supervision Inadequate Engineering Inadequate Purchasing Inadequate Maintenance Inadequate Tools & Equipment Inadequate Work Standards Wear & Tear Abuse or misuse

Domino Theory of Accidents:

Domino Theory of Accidents

SAFETY PROGRAMS:

SAFETY PROGRAMS Leadership & Administration Management Training Planned Inspection Task Analysis & Procedures Accident/ Incident investigations Task Observations Emergency Preparedness Organizational Rules Accident/ Incident analysis Employee Training Personal Protective Equipment Health Control Program Evaluation System Engineering Controls Personal Communications Group Meetings General Promotion Hiring & Placement Purchasing Controls Off the Job Safety

Leadership & Administration:

Leadership & Administration Safety Policy Safety Coordinator Management involvement Safety Meetings Safety Inspection & Audits Setting Goals & Objectives

Domino Theory of Accidents:

Domino Theory of Accidents

Domino Theory of Accidents:

Domino Theory of Accidents

COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD IS MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY:

COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD IS MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY

Who is Management?:

Who is Management?

Slide 51:

End of presentation