cricket

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CRICKET

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The Story Of Cricket Emergence Of Cricket Growth of c ricket Cricket in Colonial India

Existence:

Existence Cricket grew out of many stick and ball games played in England 500 years ago. Early cricket was at some time or another described as "a club striking a ball (like) the ancient games of club-ball, stool-ball, trap-ball, and stab-ball". Cricket can definitely be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England. Written evidence exists of a game known as creag being played by Prince Edward , the son of Edward I (Long shanks) , at Newenden, Kent in 1301 and there has been speculation, but no evidence, that this was a form of cricket.

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The Story Of Cricket Emergence Of Cricket Growth of cricket Cricket in Colonial India

Growth of Cricket as a popular game:

The sport's earliest definite mention is in a court case referring to a sport called creckett in 1598. The social and economic history of England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , cricket’s early years , shaped the game and gave cricket it’s unique nature. During the 17th century, numerous references indicate the growth of cricket in the south-east of England. By the end of the century , it became an organized activity being played for high Stakes and is believed that the first profe- ssional match was played in 1660. Growth of Cricket as a popular game

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A newspaper report survives of "a great cricket match" with eleven players a side that was played for high stakes in Sussex in 1697 and this is the earliest known reference to a cricket match of such importance. The game underwent major development in the 18th century and became the national sport of England. Betting played a major part in that development with rich patrons forming their own "select XIs". The first written laws of cricket were drawn up in 1744.

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Some rules according to the laws of 1744 were- Stumps – 22 inches high and bails- 6 inches . Ball – 5-6 ounces . Pitch or distance between two stumps – 22 yards. There were no limits on the shape of bats but bowling evolved around 1760 when bowlers began to pitch the ball instead of rolling or skimming it towards the batsman. This caused a revolution in bat design because, to deal with the bouncing ball, it was necessary to introduce the modern straight bat in place of the old "hockey stick" shape.

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The 19th century saw underarm bowling replaced by first round-arm and then over arm bowling. Both developments were controversial. The world’s first cricket club was formed in Hambledon in the 1760s .Hambledon became the game’s greatest club and the focal point . Hambledon remained so , for the next 20 yrs until the formation of the Marylebone cricket club in 1787 and the opening of the Lord’s ground in the same year. In 1788 MCC quickly became the sport's premier club and the custodian of the Laws of Cricket. New Laws introduced in the latter part of the 18th century included the three stump wicket and leg before wicket (lb w ).

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By 1780 three days and five days had become the length of a major match . Earlier all shots had to be run but now boundaries were introduced and protective equipments like pads and gloves were brought in 1848 . Skimming or rolling the ball became illegal . Earlier cricket was played in villages and unfenced land whose size varied from place to place . Therefore size of cricket ground is not specified .Helmets were introduced later.

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The organization of cricket reflected the nature of English society . The rich who played for pleasure were called amateurs while others who played for living were called professionals. The amateurs generally did batting and left the hardworking aspect like fielding and bowling to the professionals . That’s why many decisions were in favors of the batsman. Amateurs were mostly selected as captains of club teams and national teams. Cricket and Victorian England

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Many British men saw team sport like cricket and rugby as an organised way of teaching English boys the discipline , the importance of hierarchy , the skills the codes of honour and the leadership qualities . Cricket helped to confirm this image of the English elite by glorifying the amateur ideal, where cricket was played not for victory or profit but for it’s own sake ,in the spirit of fair play.

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The British Empire had been instrumental in spreading the game overseas and by the middle of the 19th century it had become well established in India, North America, the Caribbean, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Cricket remained a colonial game and unlike football and hockey which became international games. The pre-industrial oddness of cricket made it harder to export and it took root only in countries that the British ruled. Playing cricket in colonial state became a sign of superior social and racial status. Spread Of Cricket

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The first non-white club in the West-Indies was established towards the end of the nineteenth century .Despite the exclusiveness of the white – cricket elite in the West-Indies ,the game became hugely popular. The first international cricket match took place between United states and Canada. In 1859 , a team of English players went on the first overseas tour to North America and the first overseas tour to Australia was made in 1862. In 1876–77, an England team took part in the first-ever Test match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground against Australia.

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The rivalry between England and Australia gave birth to The Ashes in 1882 and this has remained Test cricket's most famous contest. Test cricket began to expand in 1888–89 when South Africa played England. The last two decades before the First World War have been called the "Golden Age of cricket”. It is a nostalgic name prompted by the collective sense of loss resulting from the war, but the period did produce some great players and memorable matches, especially as organized competition at county and Test level developed.

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The popularity of cricket, a colonial game in India or in West Indies or South Africa does not point to any contradiction, rather it signals certain important trends in globalization. It shows that colonialism was more than a system of economic exploitation and political domination; it was also an occasion for opening a cultural and sometimes civilization dialogue .Similarly British colonialism brought cricket in India and today the game has brought glory to the nation. Cricket in colonial India was organised on the principle of race and religion. The first record we have of cricket being played in India is from 1721 , an account of recreational crocket being played by the English sailors. In India the local elites have tried to copy the habits of their colonial master. Cricket In Colonial India

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The first Indian club, the Calcutta cricket club was established in 1792.Cricket in India was wholly a sport played by British military men and civil servants . The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721.. The first Indian community to start playing the game was the Zoroastrians , the Parsis . In 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by Indians. Parsi clubs were funded and sponsored by Tatas and Wadhias . After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877. The Parsi team challenged the Bombay gymkhana and defeated them in 1889. By the 1890’s , Hindus and Muslims were busy gathering funds and support for Hindu gymkhana and Islam gymkhana

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The history of gymkhana cricket led to first –class cricket being organised on communal and racial lines .The teams were against each others were the religious communities. By 1912, the Parsis, Hindus, and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. It was called so because it was played by four teams but it later came to be Pentangular with the introduction of anew team , the rest which comprised all the other religion. Some Indians went on to play for the English cricket team. Some of these, such as Ranjitsinhji and KS Duleepsinhji were greatly appreciated by the British and their names went on to be used for the Ranji Trophy and Duleep Trophy two major first class tournaments in India. In 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of England, but only played English county teams and not the English cricket team. India was invited into The Imperial Cricket Council in 1926 and made its debut as a Test-cricket-playing-nation in 1932 led by CK Nayudu.

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By the late 1930’s and 1940s journalist and political leaders began to criticize the Pentangular tournament as a communally divisive competition that was out of place in a time when nationalist were trying to unite the Indians.

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Modern cricket is dominated by test , one day and the T -20.The Ranji trophy and the IPL left behind the Pentangular tournament and the amateur cricket or the Victorian England. Players like Don Bradman and Ck.Nayadu are still remembered while players like Palwankar Baloo who didn't played test cricket are forgotten. The British colonialism ended and the international cricket came into the hands of the Imperial cricket conference.ICC was later renamed the International Cricket Conference in 1965. After 1989 the position of England and Australia in ICC scrapped into equal membership. The transformation of the Game and cricket today

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The colonial flavor of world cricket can be seen from the fact that that during 1950s and 1960s even when South Africa practiced racial segregation , England and other white countries continued to play with them . Test – playing nations like India , Pakistan and West- Indies boycotted them and only by 1970 , white nations and ICC were against South Africa. The 1970s saw major transformation of the game with the introduction of one-day Internationals in 1971. The first one day match was played between England and Australia in Melbourne. After 1975 , Cricket became a televised sport.

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The technology of satellite television and the world – wide reach of multi-national television companies made global market for cricket . One hundred and fifty years ago the Parsis had to struggle to find a place to play and today the global market has made Indian players the best paid and most famous.

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Thank You Made by- Manish Pradeep Images from-Internet Information – Internet