logging in or signing up Nuclear medicine imaging mamuni_shanta Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2075 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 02, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Yandikurniawan (7 month(s) ago) thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hemamscmphil (20 month(s) ago) hai, ur presentation is nice.can u mail tis ppt & my id hemamscmphil@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 1070604545 (31 month(s) ago) its a too good presentation............ Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: abhi761 (39 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript : SEMINAR : NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT BY: SHANTA MOHAPATRA BRANCH-BME ROLL NO.-02 INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION The practice of making patients radioactive for diagnostic & therapeutic puposes- Nuclear Medicine The technique to obtain information of anatomic & physiologic status of body without direct visualisation. GENERAL DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE : GENERAL DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE Tracer element is administered in body. Radiatian detectors examine amount of radioactivity. Images show the biochemical processes. Two types-static & dynamic FORMS OF RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS : FORMS OF RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS ALPHA RAYS BETA RAYS GAMMA RAYS TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY POSITRON DECAY NEGATRON DECAY ELECTRON CAPTURE ISOMERIC TRANSITION HALF LIFE Time required for half of initial amounts of atoms to decay. RADIATION DETECTOR : RADIATION DETECTOR Scintillation detector among other types of detector is used in nuclear medicine imaging. Components- Thalium doped Sodium Iodide crystals PhotoMultiplier Tubes Principle- Gamma rays are detected by the crystals. PMTs convert these to light rays. GAMMA CAMERA : GAMMA CAMERA First developed by Hal Anger in 1958. Consists of Collimator:-Made of lead & contains many tiny holes which allow gamma rays to travel in particular direction. Detector:-consists of NaI(TI) crystal & PMTs. Electronic circuit:consists of pulse height analyser,digitizer,preamplifier etc. GAMMA CAMERA : GAMMA CAMERA Diagrammatic cross section of gamma camera detector Continued……… : Continued……… Details of cross section of gamma camera TYPES OF GAMMA CAMERA : TYPES OF GAMMA CAMERA SINGLE HEAD GAMMA CAMERA CONTINUED….. : CONTINUED….. DUAL HEAD GAMMA CAMERA CONTINUED…………. : CONTINUED…………. TRIPLE HEAD GAMMA CAMERA: POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY : POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY Imaging technique for obtaining in vivo cross sectional images of positron emitting isotopes for demonstrating physiological functions. OPERATION: Cyclotron produces radio-isotopes. Tracer element administered into body. Positron annihilates with electron producing 2 gamma photons which travel in opposite direction Detected by radiation detector. Mathematical algorithm applied by computer reconstructs & displays the images. RADIOISOTOPES : RADIOISOTOPES Carbon-11 Nitrogen-13 Oxygen-15 Flourine-18 ADVANTAGES: Detect diseases much earlier. Gives staging of diseases,progression,metastasis Monitors effectiveness of treatment. LIMITATIONS: High cost due to use of cyclotron. Dataset poor in quality than CT Image reconstruction technique difficult. APPLICATIONS : APPLICATIONS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CERTAIN BRAIN DISEASES. IMAGING OF ARTHEROSCLEROSIS. DETECTS EFFECTS OF HEART ATTACK,MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON HEART. SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY : SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Technique where images are 2D view of 3D distribution of radionuclides. OPERATION: Gamma cameras take images at multiple angles Images taken every 3-6 degress. Each projection takes 15-20 seconds & total scan time becomes 15-20 minutes Full 360 degree rotation done for good tomographic reconstruction by computer to give 3D dataset. Applications & radioisotopes used : Applications & radioisotopes used APPLICATIONS RADIOISOTOPE USED BONE SCAN Tc-99m myocardial perfusion scan Tc-99m Brain scan Tc-99m Tumour scan I-123 white cell scan In-111,Tc-99m Advantages : Advantages Accurate & reliable Cheaper than PET/fMRI Helpful for stress echocardiography Disadvantages: Poor spatial resolution. 2.Poor sensitivity. 3.Prone to noise. ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING : ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING COMBINATION OF SPECT/PET IMAGING Acquires conventional SPECT scan as well as coincidence 511-keV events from a positron emitting agent for PET imaging. SPECT/CT SCANNER Gives high anatomic resolution of CT scan and functional images of SPECT scan. Device cost higher than SPECT alone. SPECT/CT SCANNER : SPECT/CT SCANNER Continued…… : Continued…… WHOLE BODY PET SYSTEM WITH MRI Whole body kinetic studies showing the underlying anatomy of particular organ. Provides higher resolution of soft tissue images. DUAL MODALITY PET/CT SCANNER: Provides higher resolution anatomical information from CT & functional images from PET. Has better sensitivity,specificity & accuracy than PET alone PET/CT SCANNER : PET/CT SCANNER CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION Nuclear medicine is poised to advance the application of molecular diagnosis in oncology,neurology,cardiology,infectious diseases & other types of diseases. REFERENCES : REFERENCES R S Khandpur,Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation,2nd edition. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gamma_camera http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/positron_emission_tomography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/single_photon_emission_computed_tomography THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS : ANY QUESTIONS You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Nuclear medicine imaging mamuni_shanta Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2075 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: October 02, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 3 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: Yandikurniawan (7 month(s) ago) thank you Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: hemamscmphil (20 month(s) ago) hai, ur presentation is nice.can u mail tis ppt & my id hemamscmphil@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 1070604545 (31 month(s) ago) its a too good presentation............ Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: abhi761 (39 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close Premium member Presentation Transcript : SEMINAR : NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING IN DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT BY: SHANTA MOHAPATRA BRANCH-BME ROLL NO.-02 INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION The practice of making patients radioactive for diagnostic & therapeutic puposes- Nuclear Medicine The technique to obtain information of anatomic & physiologic status of body without direct visualisation. GENERAL DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE : GENERAL DIAGNOSIS PROCEDURE Tracer element is administered in body. Radiatian detectors examine amount of radioactivity. Images show the biochemical processes. Two types-static & dynamic FORMS OF RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS : FORMS OF RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS ALPHA RAYS BETA RAYS GAMMA RAYS TYPES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY POSITRON DECAY NEGATRON DECAY ELECTRON CAPTURE ISOMERIC TRANSITION HALF LIFE Time required for half of initial amounts of atoms to decay. RADIATION DETECTOR : RADIATION DETECTOR Scintillation detector among other types of detector is used in nuclear medicine imaging. Components- Thalium doped Sodium Iodide crystals PhotoMultiplier Tubes Principle- Gamma rays are detected by the crystals. PMTs convert these to light rays. GAMMA CAMERA : GAMMA CAMERA First developed by Hal Anger in 1958. Consists of Collimator:-Made of lead & contains many tiny holes which allow gamma rays to travel in particular direction. Detector:-consists of NaI(TI) crystal & PMTs. Electronic circuit:consists of pulse height analyser,digitizer,preamplifier etc. GAMMA CAMERA : GAMMA CAMERA Diagrammatic cross section of gamma camera detector Continued……… : Continued……… Details of cross section of gamma camera TYPES OF GAMMA CAMERA : TYPES OF GAMMA CAMERA SINGLE HEAD GAMMA CAMERA CONTINUED….. : CONTINUED….. DUAL HEAD GAMMA CAMERA CONTINUED…………. : CONTINUED…………. TRIPLE HEAD GAMMA CAMERA: POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY : POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY Imaging technique for obtaining in vivo cross sectional images of positron emitting isotopes for demonstrating physiological functions. OPERATION: Cyclotron produces radio-isotopes. Tracer element administered into body. Positron annihilates with electron producing 2 gamma photons which travel in opposite direction Detected by radiation detector. Mathematical algorithm applied by computer reconstructs & displays the images. RADIOISOTOPES : RADIOISOTOPES Carbon-11 Nitrogen-13 Oxygen-15 Flourine-18 ADVANTAGES: Detect diseases much earlier. Gives staging of diseases,progression,metastasis Monitors effectiveness of treatment. LIMITATIONS: High cost due to use of cyclotron. Dataset poor in quality than CT Image reconstruction technique difficult. APPLICATIONS : APPLICATIONS CLINICAL ONCOLOGY CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF CERTAIN BRAIN DISEASES. IMAGING OF ARTHEROSCLEROSIS. DETECTS EFFECTS OF HEART ATTACK,MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ON HEART. SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY : SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Technique where images are 2D view of 3D distribution of radionuclides. OPERATION: Gamma cameras take images at multiple angles Images taken every 3-6 degress. Each projection takes 15-20 seconds & total scan time becomes 15-20 minutes Full 360 degree rotation done for good tomographic reconstruction by computer to give 3D dataset. Applications & radioisotopes used : Applications & radioisotopes used APPLICATIONS RADIOISOTOPE USED BONE SCAN Tc-99m myocardial perfusion scan Tc-99m Brain scan Tc-99m Tumour scan I-123 white cell scan In-111,Tc-99m Advantages : Advantages Accurate & reliable Cheaper than PET/fMRI Helpful for stress echocardiography Disadvantages: Poor spatial resolution. 2.Poor sensitivity. 3.Prone to noise. ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING : ADVANCES IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING COMBINATION OF SPECT/PET IMAGING Acquires conventional SPECT scan as well as coincidence 511-keV events from a positron emitting agent for PET imaging. SPECT/CT SCANNER Gives high anatomic resolution of CT scan and functional images of SPECT scan. Device cost higher than SPECT alone. SPECT/CT SCANNER : SPECT/CT SCANNER Continued…… : Continued…… WHOLE BODY PET SYSTEM WITH MRI Whole body kinetic studies showing the underlying anatomy of particular organ. Provides higher resolution of soft tissue images. DUAL MODALITY PET/CT SCANNER: Provides higher resolution anatomical information from CT & functional images from PET. Has better sensitivity,specificity & accuracy than PET alone PET/CT SCANNER : PET/CT SCANNER CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION Nuclear medicine is poised to advance the application of molecular diagnosis in oncology,neurology,cardiology,infectious diseases & other types of diseases. REFERENCES : REFERENCES R S Khandpur,Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation,2nd edition. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/gamma_camera http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/positron_emission_tomography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/single_photon_emission_computed_tomography THANK YOU ANY QUESTIONS : ANY QUESTIONS