GPS

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GPS : Global Positioning System : 

GPS : Global Positioning System { Technology and Applications } BY-Mahima pranab nayak

Introduction : 

Introduction Gps originally known as NAVSTAR was developed for military purpose. It provides reliable location , time information in all weather, all time and anywhere on or near the earth.

History and facts : 

History and facts The first GPS satellite was lunched in 1978. The full constellation of 24 satellite was achieved in 1994. Each satellite is built last about 10 year. replacement are constantly being and lunch in to the orbit. A gps satellite weighs approximately 2000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with solar panels extended.

What is GPS? : 

What is GPS? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a precise worldwide radio-navigation system, and consists of a group of satellites and their ground stations, operated and maintained by the US Department of Defense (DoD).

Segments of GPS : 

Segments of GPS The GPS Segments Space Colorado Springs Control

Space Segment : 

Space Segment 24 satellites in 6 inclined orbits 4 satellites per orbit - 12 hour revolutions 12,600 miles (20,200 km) altitude

Slide 7: 

Managed by the U.S. Air Force 5 monitoring and 3 upload stations Daily location updates Control Segment

Slide 8: 

U.S. Military Civilian shipping Scientific high accuracy applications Survey and mapping control User Segment

How does GPS work? : 

A GPS device receives signals from satellites orbiting the earth to triangulate your location, which will be given as a global address. Or, the GPS device can lead you to a previously marked location, much like a compass. How does GPS work?

What is GPS Used For? : 

*IN Roads/Highways *IN Aviation *IN public safety *IN Marine system *IN Railway System Applications What is GPS Used For?

GPS: Working Method : 

GPS: Working Method #Satellite signals- pseudorandom code ephimeris code almanac code #User’s uses the Almanac code

Trilateration from satellitesto determine position : 

Trilateration from satellitesto determine position Satellite positions in space are known

Measuring the distance to a satellite : 

Measuring the distance to a satellite Determination of the “pseudo” range is done by measuring travel time of GPS radio signals traveling at the speed of light.

Slide 14: 

The distance (x) from one satellite tells us we're located somewhere on the surface of an imaginary sphere centered on that satellite with a radius of x.

Slide 15: 

Distance measurements from two satellites limits our location to the intersection of two spheres, which is a circle.

Slide 16: 

A third measurement narrows our location to just two points.

Slide 17: 

A fourth measurement determines which point is our true location

Sources of Error : 

Sources of Error Typical amount of Error (per Satellite) Earth’s ionosphere (charged particles) 5.0m Earth’s troposphere (moisture) 0.5m Multipath Errors (bounce off buildings, etc.) 0.6+m Receiver Clock Errors (corrected by 4th + Satellites) Beyond quality of equipment/size of antennae, etc.

Conclusion : 

Conclusion “GPS although was developed for military purposes, but the number of civilian users of gps already well far exceeds than number of potential military . It has ventured in to vast fields due to high accuracy, which is improving continuously will take this new dimensions and help human life immensely . “ Thank you