nitric oxide

SEMINAR ON NITRIC OXIDE: 

SEMINAR ON NITRIC OXIDE MAHAVEER SINGH M.PHARM-II (SEM) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE’S BBAU LUCKNOW

INTRODUCTION: 

INTRODUCTION NO was first characterized as biological product of nitric reduction by denitrifying bacteria Its role was first identified as an agent responsible for promoting blood vessel relaxation and regulating vesicular tone This agent was named endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF) and was later found to be nitric oxide

Physiochemical Properties of nitric oxide : 

Physiochemical Properties of nitric oxide Gaseous free radical One of the smallest diatomic molecule with high diffusivity Short half life Exhibits hydrophobic properties thus freely diffuse through lipid phase Very reactive species Reacts with oxides to form NO 2 ,N 2 O 3 ,N 2 O 4. Reacts with superoxide anion radical(O 2 ) and form Peroxynitrile ion (ONOO):very harmful.

SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE: 

SYNTHESIS OF NITRIC OXIDE

TYPES OF NOS: 

TYPES OF NOS NOS I( nNOS ) Central and peripheral neuronal cells. Help in dephosphorylation of MLCK. NOS II( iNOS ) Most nucleated cells, particularly macrophages. Help in the conversion of GTP to cGMP . NOS III( eNOS ) Vascular endothelial cells. Vascular regulation

MECHANSIM OF ACTION: 

MECHANSIM OF ACTION NO NO bind to Fe 2+ haem group of Guanylyl Cyclase Active Guanylate Cyclase Increased cGMP decreased intracellular Ca 2+ Relaxes muscle Dilating the vessel & lowering B.P.

PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE: 

PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE 1-Cardiovascular system- Controls vascular tone. Relaxes vascular smooth muscles and reduces blood pressure. Dilates vessels and relieves the pain of angina. Inhibits the aggregation of platelets within the vessels and prevents thrombotic events

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2-Nervous system Acts as a neurotransmitter, including in the autonomic nervous system. Increases cerebral blood flow and oxygenation to the brain. One of the important mediators in penile erection during sexual arousal.

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3-Respiratory system Dilates pulmonary vessels. Beneficial in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Pulmonary hypertension and Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease. Produced in abnormal amounts in inflammatory lung conditions.

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4-Gastrointestinal tract Regulates the relaxation of smooth muscles. Controls peristalsis. 5-Renal system Due to its vasodilatory effect, increases blood flow to the kidney. Increases the glomerular filtration rate and the production of urine . 6-Immune system Modulates T cell-mediated immune response.

Nitric oxide deficiency : 

Nitric oxide deficiency Hypertension kidney disease Myocardial Infarction Skin disease psoriosis

Nitro-vasodilator Drugs: 

Nitro-vasodilator Drugs Classification Short acting: Glyceryl trinitrate(GTN,Nitro glycerine). Log acting: Isosorbide dinitrate(short acting by sublingual route),Isosorbide mononitrate,pantaerythritol tetranitrate,Erythrityl tetranitrate.

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