Differential diagnosis of INFECTIOUS BOV

Differential diagnosis of INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS : 

Differential diagnosis of INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS SUBMITTED BY P. MAHALINGAM BVM 06066

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) : 

8/3/2009 2 Siva Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) Highly infectious viral respiratory disease of cattle, goats and pigs Inflammation of respiratory passages and pustular lesions on the male and female genital organs. Generally four forms of the disease are recognized; The respiratory form, The genital form, The enteric form The encephalitic form.

Respiratory form : 

8/3/2009 3 Siva Respiratory form Incubation: 5 – 14 days Fever Nasal and ocular discharge and red, swollen conjunctiva Drop in milk yield Breathing through the mouth and salivation Hyperaemia of the nasal mucosa and necrotic areas on the nasal septum Secondary bronchopneumonia Abortion

Breathing through the mouth and salivation : 

8/3/2009 4 Siva Breathing through the mouth and salivation

Genital form : 

8/3/2009 5 Siva Genital form Frequent urination and tail elevation Edematous swelling of the vulva and pustule formation on reddened vaginal mucosa Mucoid or mucopurulent exudate in the vagina

Enteric form : 

8/3/2009 6 Siva Enteric form Severe oral and stomach necrosis in new born animals High mortality

The encephalitic form in calves : 

8/3/2009 7 Siva The encephalitic form in calves Depression Excitement High mortality

Postmortem findings : 

8/3/2009 8 Siva Postmortem findings Acute inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi Profuse fibrino-purulent exudate in the upper respiratory tract in severe cases Chronic ulcerative gastro-enteritis in feedlot cattle Lung emphysema Secondary bronchopneumonia

Acute inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi : 

8/3/2009 9 Siva Acute inflammation of the larynx, trachea and bronchi

Diagnostic tests : 

8/3/2009 10 Siva Diagnostic tests Two types of BoHV-1 ELISA tests are currently available: Type 1 detects antibodies against gB - cannot differentiate between field infection and vaccination with both marker and non-marker vaccines. Type 2 detects antibodies against gE - possible to differentiate between field infection and vaccination with a marker vaccine. Both gB and gE antibodies can be measured in serum and milk samples

Specimens required for diagnosis : 

8/3/2009 11 Siva Specimens required for diagnosis Isolated from blood on EDTA, Nasal, pharyngeal, conjunctival, swabs, Aborted foetus, placenta, vaginal swab, Prepuce washing fluid and semen. Samples should be stored in a transport medium (cell culture medium containing antibiotics and 2-10% foetal bovine serum to protect the virus from inactivation), cooled at 4°C, and rapidly submitted to the laboratory.

Differential diagnosis : 

8/3/2009 12 Siva Differential diagnosis For the respiratory form: Enzootic bronchopneumonia, Bovine Virus Diarrhoea/Mucosal Disease,  Gangrenous coryza,  Rinderpest, Theileriosis

Differential diagnosis : 

8/3/2009 13 Siva Differential diagnosis For the abortion form : Bovine Virus Diarrhoea/Mucosal Disease,  Brucellosis, Listeriosis,  Leptospirosis,  Coxiellosis

REFERENCES : 

8/3/2009 14 Siva REFERENCES http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/t0756e/T0756E03.htm www.petalia.com.au www.spc.int/rahs/Manual/BOVINE/IBRE.htm Viral disease of cattle by Robert F. Kahrs. Manual of standardized methods for Veterinary Microbiology By George E. Cottral. Veterinary Microbiology By Daniel V. Lim.