logging in or signing up !!!!!!!!!!!!POLYMERS!!!!!!!!!!!! madhanastro Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 11700 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (21) Dislike it (1) Added: September 02, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 5 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: shashimantri247 (7 month(s) ago) nice ppt can i also hv one copy of this plssss..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nedhu (19 month(s) ago) can i hv one copy of this plz... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: amitava800 (19 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 022chakri (20 month(s) ago) it is good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: fifisoso (25 month(s) ago) great presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: POLYMERS Slide 2: A polymer has a repeating structure, usually based on a carbon backbone. The repeating structure results in large chainlike molecules. In each polymer molecule, the atoms are bound together by covalent bonds. Polymers Poly = many; Mer = unit -> Polymer = many units. Slide 3: Covalent Chain Configurations and Strength Increase in Strength Linear Polymers: Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass), nylon, fluorocarbons (teflon) Branched Polymers: Many elastomers or polymeric rubbers Cross-linked Polymers: Many elastomers or polymeric rubbers are cross-linked (vulcanization process); most thermosetting polymers Network Polymers: Epoxies, phenol-formaldehydes. Slide 4: Physical Properties of Polymers Composed of very large molecules Low modulus of elasticity (low stiffness) Low tensile and compressive strengths Can be crystalline or semi-crystalline structure Deformation is very sensitive to temperature Low thermal and electrical conductivity(good insulator) Creep at room temperatures Low temperatures make plastics brittle Plastic deformation Slide 6: Thermoplastics Soften when heated and harden when cooled Varying degree of ductility Can be recycled Can not withstand high temperatures Thermosets Become permanently hard after the initial heating-cooling cycle Brittle bdbbdbbbbdbsb Can not be recycled Can withstand high temperatures Slide 7: Industrially Important Polymers About 85% of the world plastics consumption consists of four polymers. These polymers are produced in high volume at very low cost. They are all thermoplastics. Polyethylene (PE) electrical wire insulation, flexible tubing, squeeze bottles Polypropylene (PP) carpet fibers, ropes, liquid containers (cups, buckets, tanks), pipes Polystyrene (PS) packaging foams, egg cartons, lighting panels, electrical appliance components Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottles, hoses, pipes, valves, electrical wire insulation, toys, raincoats Slide 9: Polymers are formed by many low temperature processes. Extrusion Film Blowing Injection Molding Blow Molding Compression Molding Reaction Injection Molding Polymer Processing Methods Slide 10: The polymer is heated to the liquid state and forced through a die under pressure resulting in an endless product of constant cross section. 60% of polymers are prepared in this way. Examples: tubing, pipes, window frames, sheet, insulated wire. Extrusion . Using the same method as extrusion the material coming out of the die is blown into a film. An example is plastic wrap. Film Blowing Slide 11: Similar to extrusion, the polymeris heated to the liquid state, but it is prepared in metered amounts, and the melt is forced into a mold to create the part. It is not a continuous process. Many toys are made by injection molding. Injection Molding The melted polymer is put into a mold, then compressed air is used to spread the polymer into the mold. It is used to make many containers such as plastic soda containers and milk jugs. Blow Molding Slide 12: Solid polymer is placed in a mold, the mold is heated and puts pressure on the polymer to form the part. Liquid monomers are placed in the mold avoiding the need to use temperature to melt the polymer or pressure to inject it. The monomers polymerize in the mold forming the part. Compression Molding Reaction Injection Molding Slide 13: Elastomers Elastomers are long polymer chains above their glass transition temperature. Elastomers are usually lightly crosslinked and are easily deformed. Common elastomers include: polybutadiene (used in shoe soles) polyisobutylene (used in automobile tires polyisoprene (natural rubber). Slide 14: Elastomeric polymer chains can be crosslinked, or connected by covalent bonds. This process is sometimes called vulcanization. Crosslinking is initiated by heat, light, or the addition of chemicals. Crosslinking makes elastomers reversibly stretchable for small deformations. When stretched, the polymer chains become elongated and ordered along the deformation direction. When no longer stretched, the chains randomize again. The crosslinks guide the elastomer back to its original shape. Slide 15: Crosslinking makes elastomers reversibly stretchable for small deformations. Stretched Returned to randomization Slide 16: Back to Table of Contents You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
!!!!!!!!!!!!POLYMERS!!!!!!!!!!!! madhanastro Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: Embed: Flash iPad Copy Does not support media & animations WordPress Embed Customize Embed URL: Copy Thumbnail: Copy The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 11700 Category: Entertainment License: All Rights Reserved Like it (21) Dislike it (1) Added: September 02, 2008 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 5 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: shashimantri247 (7 month(s) ago) nice ppt can i also hv one copy of this plssss..... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: nedhu (19 month(s) ago) can i hv one copy of this plz... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: amitava800 (19 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: 022chakri (20 month(s) ago) it is good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: fifisoso (25 month(s) ago) great presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Slide 1: POLYMERS Slide 2: A polymer has a repeating structure, usually based on a carbon backbone. The repeating structure results in large chainlike molecules. In each polymer molecule, the atoms are bound together by covalent bonds. Polymers Poly = many; Mer = unit -> Polymer = many units. Slide 3: Covalent Chain Configurations and Strength Increase in Strength Linear Polymers: Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass), nylon, fluorocarbons (teflon) Branched Polymers: Many elastomers or polymeric rubbers Cross-linked Polymers: Many elastomers or polymeric rubbers are cross-linked (vulcanization process); most thermosetting polymers Network Polymers: Epoxies, phenol-formaldehydes. Slide 4: Physical Properties of Polymers Composed of very large molecules Low modulus of elasticity (low stiffness) Low tensile and compressive strengths Can be crystalline or semi-crystalline structure Deformation is very sensitive to temperature Low thermal and electrical conductivity(good insulator) Creep at room temperatures Low temperatures make plastics brittle Plastic deformation Slide 6: Thermoplastics Soften when heated and harden when cooled Varying degree of ductility Can be recycled Can not withstand high temperatures Thermosets Become permanently hard after the initial heating-cooling cycle Brittle bdbbdbbbbdbsb Can not be recycled Can withstand high temperatures Slide 7: Industrially Important Polymers About 85% of the world plastics consumption consists of four polymers. These polymers are produced in high volume at very low cost. They are all thermoplastics. Polyethylene (PE) electrical wire insulation, flexible tubing, squeeze bottles Polypropylene (PP) carpet fibers, ropes, liquid containers (cups, buckets, tanks), pipes Polystyrene (PS) packaging foams, egg cartons, lighting panels, electrical appliance components Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bottles, hoses, pipes, valves, electrical wire insulation, toys, raincoats Slide 9: Polymers are formed by many low temperature processes. Extrusion Film Blowing Injection Molding Blow Molding Compression Molding Reaction Injection Molding Polymer Processing Methods Slide 10: The polymer is heated to the liquid state and forced through a die under pressure resulting in an endless product of constant cross section. 60% of polymers are prepared in this way. Examples: tubing, pipes, window frames, sheet, insulated wire. Extrusion . Using the same method as extrusion the material coming out of the die is blown into a film. An example is plastic wrap. Film Blowing Slide 11: Similar to extrusion, the polymeris heated to the liquid state, but it is prepared in metered amounts, and the melt is forced into a mold to create the part. It is not a continuous process. Many toys are made by injection molding. Injection Molding The melted polymer is put into a mold, then compressed air is used to spread the polymer into the mold. It is used to make many containers such as plastic soda containers and milk jugs. Blow Molding Slide 12: Solid polymer is placed in a mold, the mold is heated and puts pressure on the polymer to form the part. Liquid monomers are placed in the mold avoiding the need to use temperature to melt the polymer or pressure to inject it. The monomers polymerize in the mold forming the part. Compression Molding Reaction Injection Molding Slide 13: Elastomers Elastomers are long polymer chains above their glass transition temperature. Elastomers are usually lightly crosslinked and are easily deformed. Common elastomers include: polybutadiene (used in shoe soles) polyisobutylene (used in automobile tires polyisoprene (natural rubber). Slide 14: Elastomeric polymer chains can be crosslinked, or connected by covalent bonds. This process is sometimes called vulcanization. Crosslinking is initiated by heat, light, or the addition of chemicals. Crosslinking makes elastomers reversibly stretchable for small deformations. When stretched, the polymer chains become elongated and ordered along the deformation direction. When no longer stretched, the chains randomize again. The crosslinks guide the elastomer back to its original shape. Slide 15: Crosslinking makes elastomers reversibly stretchable for small deformations. Stretched Returned to randomization Slide 16: Back to Table of Contents