Organizing Your Speech - Chapter 10

Slide 1: 

Chapter 10 Organizing Your Speech

Learning Objectives : 

Learning Objectives Students will be able to list and describe five patterns for organizing the main ideas of a speech. Students will be able to explain how organizational strategies can vary according to culture. Students will be able to list patterns of organization applicable to sub points. Students will be able to describe how to integrate supporting material into a speech. Students will be able to list and explain four organizational strategies specifically adapted to supporting material. Students will be able to list and define three types of verbal and nonverbal signposts. Students will be able to explain how visual aids can supplement signposts.

The Organizational Patterns : 

The Organizational Patterns Topical Chronological Spatial Problem and Solution Central ideas divide into Main Ideas, which may be organized according to five organizational patterns.

Slide 4: 

The Organizational Patterns If your speech has natural divisions, your speech can often be organized Topically. Chronological Organization is organization by time; that is, your steps are ordered according to when each step occurred or should occur. When you say, “As you enter the room, the table is to your right, the easy chair to your left, and the kitchen door straight ahead,” you are organizing your ideas Spatially. A speech organized to show Cause and Effect may first identify a situation and then discuss the effects that result from it (cause-effect). If you want to emphasize how best to solve the problem, you will probably use a Problem-and-Solution pattern of organization

Cultural Differences in Organization : 

Cultural Differences in Organization U.S. speakers tend to be more linear and direct. Semitic speakers support main points by pursuing tangents that might seem off target to many U.S. speakers. Asians may only allude to a main point through a circuitous route of illustration and parable.

Main Points MUST Divide into Sub-points : 

Main Points MUST Divide into Sub-points If a main point is organized chronologically, sub-points will carry out the chronology. If a main idea were, “I. Gather your supplies,” the sub-points would become the listing of supplies. You may add, regroup, or eliminate sub-points at any stage in the preparation process, as you consider the needs, interests, and expectations of your audience.

Integrating Your Supporting Material : 

Integrating Your Supporting Material If you have entered your supporting material into a word-processing file, you may want to print out a hard copy of your support material to have in front of you while you work. Place each supporting-material card behind the appropriate main-idea or sub-point card, resulting in a complete speech plan on note cards. Once logically placed in the speech, supporting material must be orally integrated through four speech steps. State the point. Cite the source Present the supporting material. Explain how the supporting material substantiates or develops the point.

Integrating Your Supporting Material : 

Integrating Your Supporting Material The order of presenting material grouped with a main point may be decided by one or more of four strategies: Primacy-Recency--one item of supporting material may be more current or dramatic than the others: use it first. Specificity--if supporting material varies from specific to general: use the specific first and the general last (audience gets the point quickly from the short, specific material; then receives proof through the longer, general support) Complexity--arrange materials supporting the point or sub-point simplest to most complex. “Soft” to “Hard” Evidence--descriptions and explanations, for example, are “soft,” and should be used first; factual examples and statistics are “hard,” and should hit the audience last and strongly.

Signposts : 

Signposts A speech plan and delivery must utilize three types of signposts Transition signposts may be verbal or nonverbal. Verbal transitions are words and phrases that get a speaker “from one place (in the speech) to another place.” A change in facial expression, a pause, an altered vocal pitch or speaking rate, or a movement--may all indicate a speaker transition. Two types of previews provide signposts for speakers. An initial preview tells audiences something is coming. An internal preview allows audiences to catch up, as the speaker provides previews within or among lengthy points. Initial previews are succeeded by internal previews, and both are capped by two types of summaries. Internal summaries are often used in conjunction with internal previews: “Here’s where we are, and here’s where we are going.” A final summary (“tell them what you’ve told them”) is the opposite, or complement to the initial preview statement. D. Signposts must at times be supplemented with visual aids.

Slide 10: 

IS A MUST Organizing Your Speech No one Understands A Messy Speech!