Copy of Extension approaches

Extension approaches:

Extension approaches

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develop their cash crops is the commodity-based extension service. This tends to be quite top–down in terms of structure. The commodity group conducts research, which is shared with extension agents who pass the information on to farmers. The commodity group funds the extension service. Commodity extension uses vertical linkages, which allow for effective management.

Extension approaches:

Extension approaches Not a single approach of system is suitable universally. Each one has its own advantages and limitations. There are four district extension approaches . These are : 1. Commodity – focused approach in extension 2. Community development-cum-extension approach 3. Technical innovation- centered approach 4. Clients focused approach in extension

Training and Visit:

Training and Visit Training and Visit (T & V) System: T & V system is a unique approach bringing professional subject matter specialists and farmers together to learn and facilitate farming operations to help farmers produce more.

FFS:

FFS The Key Principles of Farmer Field Schools. 1. What is relevant and meaningful is decided by the learner and must be discovered by the learner. Learning flourishes in a situation where teaching is seen as a facilitating process that assists people

T and V:

T and V Extension agents receive regular training to enhance their technical skills, which they then hope will pass to all farmers through regular communication with small numbers of selected contact farmers. But the contact farmers are usually selected on the basis of literacy, wealth, readiness to change, and "progressiveness," and so this sets them apart from the rest of the community. The secondary transfer of the technical messages, from contact farmers to community, has been much less successful than predicted, and adoption rates are commonly very low among noncontact farmers. Without a doubt, T&V is now widely considered as ineffective

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Historically, extension has mainly involved technology transfer, with the village extension worker (VEW) transferring knowledge from research stations to farmers by using individual, group, and mass media methods. More recently, extension has been asked to play a "technology development role" by linking research with community group needs and helping to facilitate appropriate technology development

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designed a policy framework to help rural people become organized so that the delivery of services could be channelled through the various types of farmer organizations or groups.

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Extension will need to build on traditional communication systems and involve farmers themselves in the process of extension. Incentive systems will have to be developed to reward staff for being in the field and working closely with farmers. There must be a "well-defined link between the well-being of field officers and the extension system, based on the clients' view of the value of extension's and field workers' performance" ( Antholt , 1992, P.). Participation, if it is to become part of extension, must clearly be interactive and empowering. Any pretence to participation will result in little change. Allowing farmers just to come to meetings or letting a few representatives sit on committees will be insufficient.

Extension approaches:

Extension approaches The commodity focused approach: aimed at increasing production and productivity . This approach is based on technical , administrative and commercial requirements of the single or a few number of crops.