The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass (Rites of the Church)

The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass : 

The Holy Sacrifice of the Mass Prepared by: Bro. Ryan R. Mejillano President Emeritus Catholic Faith Defenders Inc. University of Southeastern Philippines

Study outline : 

Study outline The Nature and Philosophy of sacrifice The Mass as a sacrifice (Dogma) Liturgy and Rituals The History of the Roman Rite Practical Application

The Nature and Philosophy of Sacrifice : 

The Nature and Philosophy of Sacrifice Nature Philosophy Kinds of sacrifice Evaluation of human sacrifice Old Testament sacrifices New Testament sacrifice Final Remarks

The Mass as a Sacrifice : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice For the valid dispensing of the Sacraments it is necessary that the minister accomplish the Sacramental Sign in the proper manner. (De fide.) Requisite for a valid sacrament - minister - intention - matter - form The Sacraments of the new covenant are necessary for the salvation of mankind. (De fide.)

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. The Body and Blood of Jesus Christ are truly, really and substantially present in the Eucharist. (De fide.) The Accidents of bread and wine continue after the change of the substance. (De fide.) The Body and the Blood of Christ together with His Soul and His Divinity and therefore the Whole Christ are truly present in the Eucharist (De fide.)

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. The Whole Christ is present under each of the two Species. (De fide.) When either consecrated species is divided the Whole Christ is present in each part of the species. (De fide.) After the Consecration has been completed the Body and Blood are permanently present in the Eucharist. (De fide.)

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. The Worship of Adoration (latria) must be given to Christ present in the Eucharist. (De fide.) For children before the age of reason the reception of the Eucharist is not necessary for salvation. (De fide.) Communion under two forms is not necessary for any individual member of the Faithful, either by reason of Divine precept or as a means of salvation. (De fide.)

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. The power of consecration resides in a validly consecrated priest only. (De fide.) The Holy Mass is a true and proper Sacrifice. (De fide.) Sacrifice takes place on an Altar *only*. In the Sacrifice of the Mass, Christ's Sacrifice on the Cross is made present, its memory is celebrated, and its saving power is applied. (De fide.)

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. : 

The Mass as a Sacrifice cont. In the Sacrifice of the Mass and in the Sacrifice of the Cross the Sacrificial Gift and the Primary Sacrificing Priest are identical; only the nature and mode of the offering are different. (De fide.) The Sacrifice of the Mass is not merely a sacrifice of praise and thanksgiving, but also a sacrifice of expiation and impetration. (De fide.)

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (West and East) 1. Roman – Rome 2. Antiochian- Syria 3. Alexandrian – Egypt 4. Byzantine – Constantinople From these four derive the over 20 liturgical Rites present in the Church today.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. I. Roman – also called Latin. The Church of Rome is the Patriarchal See of the world and one of the five Patriarchal Sees of the early Church (Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem). Founded by St. Peter in 42 AD it was consecrated by the blood of Sts. Peter and Paul during the persecution of Nero (63-67 AD)

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.a. Ordinary Form – The current Roman Rite is that of the 1969 Missale Romanum, published in a third edition in 2002.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.b. Extra-ordinary Form – known as Tridentine Latin Mass. Every priest can legally and lawfully celebrate this form of ritual anytime at any places. No need for Bishop’s approval

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.c. Anglican use -Since the 1980s the Holy See has granted some former Anglican and Episcopal clergy converting with their parishes the faculty of celebrating the sacramental rites according to Anglican forms, doctrinally corrected.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.d. Mozarabic - The Rite of the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal) known from at least the 6th century, but probably with roots to the original evangelization. Beginning in the 11th century it was generally replaced by the Roman Rite, although it has remained the Rite of the Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Toledo, Spain, and six parishes which sought permission to adhere to it. Its celebration today is generally semi-private.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.e. Ambrosian - The Rite of the Archdiocese of Milan, Italy, thought to be of early origin and probably consolidated, but not originated, by St. Ambrose. Pope Paul VI was from this Roman Rite. It continues to be celebrated in Milan, though not by all parishes.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.f. Bragan - Rite of the Archdiocese of Braga, the Primatial See of Portugal, it derives from the 12th century or earlier. It continues to be of occasional use.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.g. Dominican - Rite of the Order of Friars Preacher (OP), founded by St. Dominic in 1215. 1.h. Carmelite - Rite of the Order of Carmel, whose modern foundation was by St.Berthold c.1154.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Western Church) Immediately subject to the Bishop of Rome, the Supreme Pontiff. 1.i. Carthusian - Rite of the Carthusian Order founded by St. Bruno in 1084.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) They have their own hierarchy distinct from the Latin Rite, system of governance (synods) and general law, the Code of Canons for the Eastern Churches. The Supreme Pontiff exercises his primacy over them through the Congregation for the Eastern Churches.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) II. Antiochian - The Church of Antioch in Syria (the ancient Roman Province of Syria) is considered an apostolic See by virtue of having been founded by St. Peter. It was one of the ancient centers of the Church, as the New Testament attests, and is the source of a family of similar Rites using the ancient Syriac language (the Semitic dialect used in Jesus' time and better known as Aramaic). Its Liturgy is attributed to St. James and the Church of Jerusalem.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals 1. West Syriac • Maronite - Never separated from Rome. Maronite Patriarch of Antioch. The liturgical language is Aramaic. The 3 million Maronites are found in Lebanon (origin), Cyprus, Egypt, Syria, Israel, Canada, US, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. • Syriac - Syriac Catholics who returned to Rome in 1781 from the monophysite heresy. Syriac Patriarch of Antioch. The 110,000 Syriac Catholics are found in Syria,Lebanon, Iraq, Egypt, Canada and the US. • Malankarese - Catholics from the South of India evangelized by St. Thomas, uses the West Syriac liturgy. Reunited with Rome in 1930. Liturgical languages today are West Syriac and Malayalam. The 350,000 Malankarese Catholics are found in India and North America.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals 2. East Syriac • Chaldean - Babylonian Catholics returned to Rome in 1692 from the Nestorian heresy. Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans. Liturgical languages are Syriac and Arabic. The 310,000 Chaldean Catholics are found in Iraq, Iran, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Turkey and the US. • Syro-Malabarese - Catholics from Southern India using the East Syriac liturgy. Returned to Rome in the 16th century from the Nestorian heresy. Liturgical languages are Syriac and Malayalam. Over 3 million Syro-Malabarese Catholics can be found in the state of Kerela, in SW India.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) III. Byzantine The Church of Constantinople became the political and religious center of the eastern Roman Empire after the Emperor Constantine built a new capital there (324-330) on the site of the ancient town of Byzantium. Constantinople developed its own liturgical rite from the Liturgy of St. James, in one form as modified by St. Basil, andin a more commonly used form, as modified by St. John Chrysostom.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 1.Armenian Considered either its own Rite or an older version of the Byzantine. Its exact form is not used by any other Byzantine Rite. It is composed of Catholics from the first people to convert as a nation, the Armenians (N.E. of Turkey), and who returned to Rome at the time of the Crusades. Patriarch of Cilicia of the Armenians. The liturgical language is classical Armenian. The 350,000 Armenian Catholics are found in Armenia, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Greece, Ukraine, France, Romania, United States and Argentina. Most Armenians are Orthodox, not in union with Rome.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 2. Byzantine • Albanian - Albanian Christians, numbering only 1400 today, who resumed communion with Rome in 1628. Liturgical language is Albanian. Most Albanian Christians are Albanian Orthodox. • Belarussian/Byelorussian - Unknown number of Belarussians who returned to Rome in the 17th century. The liturgical language is Old Slavonic. The faithful can be found in Belarus, as well as Europe, the Americas and Australia. • Bulgarian - Bulgarians who returned to Rome in 1861. Liturgical language is Old Slavonic. The 20,000 faithful can be found in Bulgaria. Most Bulgarian Christians are Bulgarian Orthodox.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 2. Byzantine • Czech - Czech Catholics of Byzantine Rite organized into a jurisdiction in 1996. • Krizevci - Croatian Catholics of Byzantine Rite who resumed communion with Rome in 1611. The liturgical language is Old Slavonic. The 50,000 faithful can be found in Croatia and the Americas. Most Croatians are Roman (Rite) Catholics. • Greek - Greek Christians who returned to Rome in 1829. The liturgical language is Greek. Only 2500 faithful in Greece, Asia Minor (Turkey) and Europe. Greek Christians are almost all Orthodox, whose Patriarch is the Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 2. Byzantine • Hungarian - Descendants of Ruthenians who returned to Rome in 1646. The liturgical languages are Greek, Hungarian and English. The 300,000 faithful are found in Hungary, Europe and the Americas. • Italo-Albanian - Never separated from Rome, these 60,000 Byzantine Rite Catholics are found in Italy, Sicily and the Americas. The liturgical languages are Greek and Italo-Albanian. • Melkite - Catholics from among those separated from Rome in Syria and Egypt who resumed Communion with Rome at the time of the Crusades. However, definitive union only came in the 18th century. Melkite Greek Patriarch of Damascus. Liturgical languages are Greek, Arabic, English, Portuguese and Spanish. The over 1 million Melkite Catholics can be found in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Canada, US, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina and Australia.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 2. Byzantine •Romanian- There are over 1 million Romanian Catholics in Romania, Europe and the Americas. Most Romanian Christians are Romanian Orthodox. • Russian - Russians who returned to communion with Rome in 1905. The liturgical language is Old Slavonic. An unknown number of the faithful in Russia, China, the Americas and Australia. Most Russian Christians are Russian Orthodox, whose Patriarch is the Orthodox Patriarch of Moscow. • Ruthenian - Catholics from among those separated from Rome in Russia, Hungary and Croatia who reunited with Rome in 1596 (Brest-Litovsk) and 1646 (Uzhorod).

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) 2. Byzantine • Slovak - Byzantine Rite Catholics of Slovakian origin numbering 225,000 and found in Slovakia and Canada. • Ukrainian - Catholics from among those separated from Rome by the Greek Schism and reunited about 1595. Patriarch or Metropolitan of Lviv. Liturgical languages are Old Slavonic and the vernacular. The 5.5 million Ukrainian Catholics can be found in Ukraine, Poland, England, Germany, France, Canada, US, Brazil, Argentina and Australia. During the Soviet era Ukrainian Catholics were violently forced to join the Ukrainian Orthodox Church. Their hierarchy, which continued to exist outside the homeland, has since been re-established in Ukraine.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) IV. Alexandrian The Church of Alexandria in Egypt was one of the original centers of Christianity, since like Rome and Antioch it had a large Jewish population which was the initial object of apostolic evangelization. Its Liturgy is attributed to St. Mark the Evangelist, and shows the later influence of the Byzantine Liturgy, in addition to its unique elements.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Rites (Eastern Rites and Churches) Alexandrian • Coptic - Egyptian Catholics who returned to communion with Rome in 1741. The Patriarch of Alexandria leads the 200,000 faithful of this ritual Church spread throughout Egypt and the Near East. The liturgical languages are Coptic (Egyptian) and Arabic. Most Copts are not Catholics. • Ethiopian/Abyssinian - Ethiopian Coptic Christians who returned to Rome in 1846. The liturgical language is Geez. The 200,000 faithful are found in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, and Jerusalem.

Liturgy and Rituals : 

Liturgy and Rituals Languages Philippines as a Roman Rite Liturgical history- Eastern liturgy videos Liturgical colors Liturgical actions/ postures

The Roman Rite History : 

The Roman Rite History Gallican Pope St.Gregory the Great (590 AD) Pope St. Pius V (1570 AD) Pope Bl. John XXIII Pope Paul VI Pope John Paul II Pope Benedict XVI Vessels-Forms of Roman Rite- Societies of Extra-ordinary Form-CBCP news and Davao Catholic Herald

Practical Application : 

Practical Application Philosophy of Latin Basic pronunciation of Latin - missal copies - low mass media player 3 Propers and ordinaries of Ordinary and Extra-ordinary forms Film viewing - short view on the vestments and vessels - Extra-ordinary form (Solemn High Mass by FSSP)

Slide 36: 

References

Slide 37: 

The End Thank you God bless Pro Deo et Ecclesia