VIBRATIONS

louise.woolford

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By: charles31220 (23 month(s) ago) Private Comment

plz sir i need this for my seminar at coll

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© John Parkinson 2 Natural Frequency / Free Vibrations the frequency at which an elastic system naturally tends to vibrate, if it is displaced and then released The natural frequency of a body depends on its elasticity and its shape. At this frequency, a minimum energy is required to produce a forced vibration. Free vibration is the vibration of an object that has been set in motion and then left.

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© John Parkinson 3 Forced vibrations are the result of a vibration caused by the continuous application of a repetitive force Unless the forcing frequency is equal to the natural frequency, the amplitude of oscillation will be small. e.g. a swing pushed at “the wrong frequency”

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© John Parkinson 4 RESONANCE the result of forced vibrations in a body when the applied frequency matches the natural frequency of the body The resulting vibration has a high amplitude -- and can destroy the body that is vibrating. Resonance allows energy to be transferred efficiently

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© John Parkinson 5 ON NOVEMBER, 7 1940 THE TACOMA NARROWS BRIDGE IN WASHINGTON STATE WAS BUFFETED BY 40 MPH WINDS AT APPROXIMATELY 11:00 AM, IT COLLAPSED DUE TO WIND-INDUCED VIBRATIONS http://www.civeng.carleton.ca/Exhibits/Tacoma_Narrows/ http://www.glendale-h.schools.nsw.edu.au/faculty_pages/ind_arts_web/bridgeweb/commentary.htm WATCH A VIDEO AT OR AT

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© John Parkinson 6 Other Resonance Examples Wheels hit the strips at regular time intervals as the car travels at a steady speed and this makes the suspension resonate so the car vibrates with a larger and larger amplitude and makes the driver slow down. At low engine revs the windows natural frequency can be the same as that of the engine.

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© John Parkinson 7 The circuit contain the coil and the capacitor resonates to a certain frequency of AC that is picked up in the aerial. The variable capacitor enables different frequencies to be received A wine glass can be broken by a singer finding its resonant frequency

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© John Parkinson 14 Longitudinal Waves Each point or particle is moving parallel or antiparallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. Common examples:- Sound, slinky springs sesmic p waves Longitudinal waves cannot be polarised

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© John Parkinson 17 Transverse Each point or particle is moving perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave. Common examples:- Water, electromagnetic, ropes, seismic s waves You can prove that you have a transverse wave if you can polarise the wave (especially important with light (electromagnetic) as you cannot “see” the wave!!)

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© John Parkinson 18 Formation of a STANDING WAVE Two counter-propagating travelling waves of same frequency and amplitude superpose to form a standing wave, characterised by nodes (positions of zero disturbance) and antinodes (positions of maximum disturbance