logging in or signing up Dissociative Identity Disorder lisalahey Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3015 Category: Education License: Some Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: June 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description An objective view of a controversial mental disorder.**my sincere apologies for the many broken links in this presentation. They were all active for several months after uploading but have ben broken. As I do not have the origianl presentation anymore I cannot upgrade. Comments Posting comment... By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) My sincere apologies about the many broken links in my presentation. They were working for several months after I posted this presentation. As I do not have the original copy anymore I cannot change them. L. Lahey Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: heartbeat91 (15 month(s) ago) i really like ur presentation..if u dun mind to send it to my email heartbeatmy91@yahoo.com.my.thanks so much.i need it as a reference for my presentation coming soon.=) Saving..... Post Reply Close By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) sorry I missed your email. I would indeed have sent it if I had been looking for comments. Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: prncssmary (15 month(s) ago) Could you email a copy to prncssmary@aol.com. This would be great for my psychology class. Saving..... Post Reply Close By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) asap. Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ameet91 (16 month(s) ago) hey...its a brilliant presentation..can i know or have the picture from the importance of infant bonding slide..girl with headscarf..thx..i googled it but nowhere to be found Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: spicazhovae_hoony (18 month(s) ago) nice ppt... I like it so much... Can I have a copy?? please... thanks a lot... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple personality Disorder) warning: pictures and information can be triggering : Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple personality Disorder) warning: pictures and information can be triggering An Examination of a Controversial Mental Health Phenomenon D.I.D. Reality or Fantasy : D.I.D. Reality or Fantasy This presentation does not answer that question. Rather it presents an examination of case studies that either support or oppose the existence of DID. There exists much skepticism about DID since: DID became diagnosed in large numbers after the release of the movies The Three Faces of Eve starring Joanne Woodward and Sybil starring Sally Field. DID is a uniquely North American phenomenon. Very few European, psychiatrists believe in its existence. There is no way to absolutely prove it exists. The symptoms are relatively easy to fake. Words and phrases that are bolded in this presentation contain links to online articles and youtube videos. Everyone Dissociates : Everyone Dissociates Daydreaming is the mild end of dissociation. Getting lost in memories is another mild form of dissociation. This is known as short, situation-dependent dissociation. People with personality disorders (eg. borderline personality disorder) may experience some degree of dissociation when triggered. Extremely prolonged and frequent dissociative states result in profound disturbances in self, occasionally leading to the formation of alters. Disturbances of Identity : Disturbances of Identity Existence of alters take control of the individual’s behaviour The alters express a sense of individuality but they aren’t separate and complete individuals DID is identity fragmentation rather than separate identities Transference between one identity and the other is “switching” What Are Alters? : What Are Alters? “alternative identity/ies” within the host personality who may or may not know of each other’s existence. alters may display markedly different characteristics including opposite genders, differing ages and non-human alters such as animals serve different purposes and exhibit different memories Impact of Dissociation on Developmental Processes in Children : Impact of Dissociation on Developmental Processes in Children Interference in: self-agency (authorship of one’s own behaviour) self-coherence (unified sense of self) self-affectivity (ability to freely express appropriate emotion) self-continuity (integrated self) Effects of Pathological Dissociation : Effects of Pathological Dissociation Dissociative symptoms including flashbacks, switching, hallucinations and amnesias disrupt the individual’s self-agency and coherence. The individual cannot consolidate altered states into a unified self. The formation of a stable self fails to materialize and DID occurs. Dissociative Disorders : Dissociative Disorders Three Primary Relationships in DIDs : Three Primary Relationships in DIDs mutually amnesic relationships – personalities have no awareness of each other mutually cognizant pattern – alters aware of each other and have discussions with one another one-way amnesic relationships where some alters are aware of the others but they are unaware of anyone else Results of Severe, Ritualistic Child Abuse : Results of Severe, Ritualistic Child Abuse The Importance of Infant Bonding : The Importance of Infant Bonding When parent and infant communicate thousands of neurons per second fire throughout their brains. In Mothers a hormone called oxytocin is released, causing her to bond physically as well as emotionally with her baby. Universally parents play games with their infants without knowing this instills a sense of security in baby. A child who is neglected or abused does not develop the capacity for healthy, lasting relationships later in life. Extremes in neglect and abuse may lead to DID and other personality disorders. A Window of Opportunity : A Window of Opportunity The Case for DID : The Case for DID Awareness of DID may account for increased diagnoses, rather than misdiagnoses Manufacturing false memories has never been proven, particularly those related to sexual trauma. There is no evidence to show that DID can be induced in therapy. DID is more likely to occur in people with first-degree relatives who also have DID Various studies have revealed depersonalization episodes in people who have survived life-threatening experiences, such as concentration camps In the 1920s there was a sharp increase in schizophrenia diagnoses and a marked decline in DID diagnoses, suggesting that DID patients were misdiagnosed as schizophrenics. Consolidation of identity is a normal developmental part of childhood, unless this process is disrupted by severe forms of trauma including abuse, or other developmental issues False Memories? : False Memories? Is it possible to induce false memories of abuse and trauma? Is DID sometimes a result of fabrication induced by careless psychotherapy? Many clinicians agree it is possible to ask a client leading questions , initiating false memory syndrome. Misdiagnosis of DID : Misdiagnosis of DID Schizophrenia Dissociative Identity Disorder Average misdiagnosis occurs from a period of 5 – 7 years per patient. Sometimes clinicians refute the existence of DID and DID symptoms may closely mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia and other illnesses. DID Screening Tools : DID Screening Tools Testing methods for DID include: Dissociative Experience Scale Dissociation Questionnaire Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation Informal office interviews that reveal if a patient is at risk of developing DID Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma : Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma Anorexia Nervosa: Co-morbidity with DID : Anorexia Nervosa: Co-morbidity with DID DID and Self-Harm : DID and Self-Harm Sometimes a person diagnosed with DID may have an alter that inflicts self-harm or self-injury. Not all DID people experience SI. Not all SI’s are DIDs. SI is an expression of torment and self-hatred ,sometimes as a result of abuse and sometimes not. DID and Suicidal Ideation : DID and Suicidal Ideation When the pain of an abusive and neglectful childhood becomes unbearable suicidal ideation is inevitable. This is true whether a person is diagnosed with DID or not. Causes of Abuse : Causes of Abuse Adults are capable of abhorrent abuse against children, typically cited as the cause of DID. Many cases of such abuse have been documented and proven beyond a doubt. Some adults have been examined by psychiatrists and found to possess characteristics such as: mental illness such as paranoid schizophrenia. personality disorders such as sociopathic personalities. A sociopath or psychopath is not a mentally ill person. cyclical abuse from learned family experiences. Andrea Yates: Mental Illness and Child Homicide : Andrea Yates: Mental Illness and Child Homicide A sampling of approximately 18% of Canadian male abusers and 27% of Canadian female abusers were defined as having” mental health issues”. The majority of abusive parents do not suffer from a mental illness. The notorious case of Andrea Yates, a paranoid schizophrenic who drowned her 5 children in a bathtub, is an extremely rare case of child homicide by a parent suffering from a severe mental illness. Shirley Ardell Mason’s (Sybil) mother was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic Stats Canada 2003 - 2004 : Stats Canada 2003 - 2004 The Sociopathic Parent : The Sociopathic Parent Diane Downs – Portrait of a Sociopathic Mother : Diane Downs – Portrait of a Sociopathic Mother In 1983 Diane Downs shot her 3 children on a dark, isolated road then drove to a nearby hospital claiming a stranger had shot them. It wasn’t long before investigators discovered the truth. Family Demographics of Abused Children : Family Demographics of Abused Children Cyclical Abuse : Cyclical Abuse Abusers were often abused as children Abusers may not have been abused but witnessed domestic violence Abusers tend to marry other abusive adults or adults who were child victims of abuse Abusers often live in poverty and abuse drugs or alcohol Stats Canada Report : Stats Canada Report Population per 1000 Canadian children and families among 34 Children’s Aids Societies in 1 territory and 2 provinces. Stats are estimated to be lower than actual numbers due to children’s inability to report and fear of reporting abuse to authorities. Young Parents and Child Abuse : Young parents: often lack parenting skills. are mentally and financially unprepared to provide for children. lack family support or a social network. often live in poverty. may abuse drugs and alcohol. are ignorant of healthy child rearing practices. may have been child sociopaths. Young Parents and Child Abuse The Child Sociopath : Many sociopaths exhibit anti-social traits during early childhood. Various family structures can create a sociopath:A lack of rules and boundariesAdults’ indulgence in drugs and alcoholTolerance of disrespectful behavioursAbuse and neglect of child Character traits of the child sociopath include: PyromaniaCruelty to animalsBullyingStealing & LyingLack of remorse/empathyLearning disorder The Child Sociopath Sybil (Shirley Ardell Mason) : Sybil (Shirley Ardell Mason) The strange case of Shirley Ardell Mason (Sybil) has been a topic of debate for decades. Dr. Cornelia Wilbur is accused of manufacturing Sybil`s DID in therapy. A colleague of Dr. Wilbur`s alleged Wilbur admitted that to get Sybil published the publisher insisted Wilbur use the expression ``multiple personality`. Although the sexual and physical abuse Sybil suffered at her mother`s hands to some extent is likely true, a historian named Peter J. Swales, who first identified Mason as Sybil, claimed that ``there is evidence that [the worst abuse] could not have happened." The Three Faces of Eve : The Three Faces of Eve The famous case of ``Eve`` (Christine Sizemore) was released as a book and a movie. Septics question Sybil`s veracity since she read this book during treatment. Unlike Mason, Sizemore claimed she developed ``alters`` as a result of childhood trauma but not child abuse. Sizemore`s psychiatrist, Dr. Thigpen, claimed that Sizemore had not three but twenty-one alters, a fact Sizemore herself disputed in a BBC television program. Reported Incidence of DID Worldwide Prior to and After 1976 (particularly in North America) : The release of the movie Sybil led to significant increases in diagnoses of DID in the world population and in particular in the U.S. after 1976, suggesting a co-relation between the two. Reported Incidence of DID Worldwide Prior to and After 1976 (particularly in North America) A Closer Analysis of Sybil : A Closer Analysis of Sybil A Multiple Refutes DID Symptoms : A Multiple Refutes DID Symptoms A woman named Amorpha claiming to be DID, refutes the media and textbook portrayal of people with DID. Her claims are clinically unsubstantiated. Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder : Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder 2. Therapist and client develop a plan for stabilization. Stabilization includes undoing damaging self-concepts learned in childhood. Psychotherapy, group therapy, expressive therapies, family therapy, psycho-education, pharmacotherapy, hypnosis and sometimes hospitalization. 3. Mapping of the personality system is the next step. Internal dialogue and cooperation between alters must occur before trauma work begins. 4. Final phase is letting go of shame and continued processing of traumatic memories. Mapping a Path to Recovery : Mapping a Path to Recovery Pam: A Case Study : Pam: A Case Study At the age of 26 while hospitalized Pam entered therapy with a doctor named Ross. Pam manifested several alters 3. Many of Pam’s alters initially emerged through intravenous sodium amytal. 4. Ultimately Pam revealed 335 alters to Ross. 5. Under Ross’s care Pam was able to function as an outpatient. 6. Pam reported her mother’s suicide but an alter named Bob admitted that he had fabricated the story. 7. Ross stopped treating Pam when an aggressive alter threatened to kill Ross. Pam’s Treatment and Results : Pam’s Treatment and Results Terry: A Case Study : Terry: A Case Study Terry was employed full-time, married, with an advanced university degree. 2. Terry functioned well at work but her marriage was rocky 3. Terry remembered nothing of her childhood before age 10. She displayed 5 different Terrys. 4. Terry didn’t want to uncover her childhood memories since she suspected they were traumatic. 5. Terry maintained a distant but relatively nurturing relationship with her parents, her potential childhood abusers. Terry didn’t want full MPD therapy in case she jeopardized her job and unsatisfactory yet co-dependent marriage. 7. Terry’s therapist agreed with her decision and discharged her without attempting intensive MPD counselling. Terry’s Treatment and Results : Terry’s Treatment and Results Cases Where Psychiatric Treatment is Not Recommended : Cases Where Psychiatric Treatment is Not Recommended Nora: A Dubious Case Study : Nora: A Dubious Case Study DID and Visual Arts : DID and Visual Arts A number of DID patients engage in drawings and paintings that frequently reflect early incidents of childhood trauma or expressions of fear and rage. Different alters may create radically different styles of work. Art therapy has long been used with child abuse victims, regardless of whether or not they have a diagnosis of DID. House-Tree-Person Test : House-Tree-Person Test Child sexual abuse victims may be administered the House-Tree-Person (HTP) test. Houses may be outlined in red and bear phallic shaped chimneys, however the clinician’s interpretation of a phallic shape can skewer analysis of the drawing. An abused child’s house often has no doors or windows (no escape). If windows are present they are coloured in, allowing no visibility. Self-Portraits : Self-Portraits a child sex abuse victim often draws her/himself in geometric shapes sometimes without arms or facial features sometimes encapsulated, indicating an inability to escape House and Encapsulated Self – Kim Noble, Artist(by her alter Patricia) : House and Encapsulated Self – Kim Noble, Artist(by her alter Patricia) Patricia Above: Note the characteristics of Patricia’s self-portrait, she is encapsulated without the possibility of escape. Right: The house has darkened windows and no doors. The words written in reverse read help please. Non-Offending Caregiver Houses : Non-Offending Caregiver Houses Mapping technique used by a non-offending caregiver after she received disclosure of sex abuse from her child. The picture uses simple geometric shapes and varying lines. A single jagged line divides the house. There are windows that lack visibility and a closed door. Kim Noble: DID Artist : Kim Noble: DID Artist Kim Noble is a renowned visual artist with DID. Her work has been displayed in galleries worldwide. The most remarkable feature about the work is the very different artistic styles displayed by her alters and the 14 names listed on the gallery walls. Bonny One of the “others”. The sign around her neck reads I am stupid please kick me Dawn Play Therapy and DID : Play Therapy and DID Further Diagnostic Procedures : Further Diagnostic Procedures Hope and Healing: The Goal of Integration : Hope and Healing: The Goal of Integration What is Integration? : What is Integration? DID defines a single person with separately functioning parts of the mind DID is not a collection of separate personalities or selves Integrated functioning of the mind is the usual goal of therapy Urging alters to create names when they have none is counterproductive The therapist must avoid choosing “favourites” among the alters An increased sense of connectedness is usually beneficial to the DID patient Proactive Prevention : Proactive Prevention Integrate the community Prevent rather than react to child abuse leading to DID, depression, and other forms of trauma. Recognize pathology in parents and children. Know your limits. Enact public education. Take parenting classes. Teach children their rights. Zero tolerance toward child abuse. Speak up! You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Dissociative Identity Disorder lisalahey Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 3015 Category: Education License: Some Rights Reserved Like it (5) Dislike it (0) Added: June 12, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description An objective view of a controversial mental disorder.**my sincere apologies for the many broken links in this presentation. They were all active for several months after uploading but have ben broken. As I do not have the origianl presentation anymore I cannot upgrade. Comments Posting comment... By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) My sincere apologies about the many broken links in my presentation. They were working for several months after I posted this presentation. As I do not have the original copy anymore I cannot change them. L. Lahey Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: heartbeat91 (15 month(s) ago) i really like ur presentation..if u dun mind to send it to my email heartbeatmy91@yahoo.com.my.thanks so much.i need it as a reference for my presentation coming soon.=) Saving..... Post Reply Close By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) sorry I missed your email. I would indeed have sent it if I had been looking for comments. Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: prncssmary (15 month(s) ago) Could you email a copy to prncssmary@aol.com. This would be great for my psychology class. Saving..... Post Reply Close By: lisalahey (7 month(s) ago) asap. Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ameet91 (16 month(s) ago) hey...its a brilliant presentation..can i know or have the picture from the importance of infant bonding slide..girl with headscarf..thx..i googled it but nowhere to be found Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: spicazhovae_hoony (18 month(s) ago) nice ppt... I like it so much... Can I have a copy?? please... thanks a lot... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple personality Disorder) warning: pictures and information can be triggering : Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple personality Disorder) warning: pictures and information can be triggering An Examination of a Controversial Mental Health Phenomenon D.I.D. Reality or Fantasy : D.I.D. Reality or Fantasy This presentation does not answer that question. Rather it presents an examination of case studies that either support or oppose the existence of DID. There exists much skepticism about DID since: DID became diagnosed in large numbers after the release of the movies The Three Faces of Eve starring Joanne Woodward and Sybil starring Sally Field. DID is a uniquely North American phenomenon. Very few European, psychiatrists believe in its existence. There is no way to absolutely prove it exists. The symptoms are relatively easy to fake. Words and phrases that are bolded in this presentation contain links to online articles and youtube videos. Everyone Dissociates : Everyone Dissociates Daydreaming is the mild end of dissociation. Getting lost in memories is another mild form of dissociation. This is known as short, situation-dependent dissociation. People with personality disorders (eg. borderline personality disorder) may experience some degree of dissociation when triggered. Extremely prolonged and frequent dissociative states result in profound disturbances in self, occasionally leading to the formation of alters. Disturbances of Identity : Disturbances of Identity Existence of alters take control of the individual’s behaviour The alters express a sense of individuality but they aren’t separate and complete individuals DID is identity fragmentation rather than separate identities Transference between one identity and the other is “switching” What Are Alters? : What Are Alters? “alternative identity/ies” within the host personality who may or may not know of each other’s existence. alters may display markedly different characteristics including opposite genders, differing ages and non-human alters such as animals serve different purposes and exhibit different memories Impact of Dissociation on Developmental Processes in Children : Impact of Dissociation on Developmental Processes in Children Interference in: self-agency (authorship of one’s own behaviour) self-coherence (unified sense of self) self-affectivity (ability to freely express appropriate emotion) self-continuity (integrated self) Effects of Pathological Dissociation : Effects of Pathological Dissociation Dissociative symptoms including flashbacks, switching, hallucinations and amnesias disrupt the individual’s self-agency and coherence. The individual cannot consolidate altered states into a unified self. The formation of a stable self fails to materialize and DID occurs. Dissociative Disorders : Dissociative Disorders Three Primary Relationships in DIDs : Three Primary Relationships in DIDs mutually amnesic relationships – personalities have no awareness of each other mutually cognizant pattern – alters aware of each other and have discussions with one another one-way amnesic relationships where some alters are aware of the others but they are unaware of anyone else Results of Severe, Ritualistic Child Abuse : Results of Severe, Ritualistic Child Abuse The Importance of Infant Bonding : The Importance of Infant Bonding When parent and infant communicate thousands of neurons per second fire throughout their brains. In Mothers a hormone called oxytocin is released, causing her to bond physically as well as emotionally with her baby. Universally parents play games with their infants without knowing this instills a sense of security in baby. A child who is neglected or abused does not develop the capacity for healthy, lasting relationships later in life. Extremes in neglect and abuse may lead to DID and other personality disorders. A Window of Opportunity : A Window of Opportunity The Case for DID : The Case for DID Awareness of DID may account for increased diagnoses, rather than misdiagnoses Manufacturing false memories has never been proven, particularly those related to sexual trauma. There is no evidence to show that DID can be induced in therapy. DID is more likely to occur in people with first-degree relatives who also have DID Various studies have revealed depersonalization episodes in people who have survived life-threatening experiences, such as concentration camps In the 1920s there was a sharp increase in schizophrenia diagnoses and a marked decline in DID diagnoses, suggesting that DID patients were misdiagnosed as schizophrenics. Consolidation of identity is a normal developmental part of childhood, unless this process is disrupted by severe forms of trauma including abuse, or other developmental issues False Memories? : False Memories? Is it possible to induce false memories of abuse and trauma? Is DID sometimes a result of fabrication induced by careless psychotherapy? Many clinicians agree it is possible to ask a client leading questions , initiating false memory syndrome. Misdiagnosis of DID : Misdiagnosis of DID Schizophrenia Dissociative Identity Disorder Average misdiagnosis occurs from a period of 5 – 7 years per patient. Sometimes clinicians refute the existence of DID and DID symptoms may closely mimic the symptoms of schizophrenia and other illnesses. DID Screening Tools : DID Screening Tools Testing methods for DID include: Dissociative Experience Scale Dissociation Questionnaire Questionnaire of Experiences of Dissociation Informal office interviews that reveal if a patient is at risk of developing DID Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma : Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma Anorexia Nervosa: Co-morbidity with DID : Anorexia Nervosa: Co-morbidity with DID DID and Self-Harm : DID and Self-Harm Sometimes a person diagnosed with DID may have an alter that inflicts self-harm or self-injury. Not all DID people experience SI. Not all SI’s are DIDs. SI is an expression of torment and self-hatred ,sometimes as a result of abuse and sometimes not. DID and Suicidal Ideation : DID and Suicidal Ideation When the pain of an abusive and neglectful childhood becomes unbearable suicidal ideation is inevitable. This is true whether a person is diagnosed with DID or not. Causes of Abuse : Causes of Abuse Adults are capable of abhorrent abuse against children, typically cited as the cause of DID. Many cases of such abuse have been documented and proven beyond a doubt. Some adults have been examined by psychiatrists and found to possess characteristics such as: mental illness such as paranoid schizophrenia. personality disorders such as sociopathic personalities. A sociopath or psychopath is not a mentally ill person. cyclical abuse from learned family experiences. Andrea Yates: Mental Illness and Child Homicide : Andrea Yates: Mental Illness and Child Homicide A sampling of approximately 18% of Canadian male abusers and 27% of Canadian female abusers were defined as having” mental health issues”. The majority of abusive parents do not suffer from a mental illness. The notorious case of Andrea Yates, a paranoid schizophrenic who drowned her 5 children in a bathtub, is an extremely rare case of child homicide by a parent suffering from a severe mental illness. Shirley Ardell Mason’s (Sybil) mother was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic Stats Canada 2003 - 2004 : Stats Canada 2003 - 2004 The Sociopathic Parent : The Sociopathic Parent Diane Downs – Portrait of a Sociopathic Mother : Diane Downs – Portrait of a Sociopathic Mother In 1983 Diane Downs shot her 3 children on a dark, isolated road then drove to a nearby hospital claiming a stranger had shot them. It wasn’t long before investigators discovered the truth. Family Demographics of Abused Children : Family Demographics of Abused Children Cyclical Abuse : Cyclical Abuse Abusers were often abused as children Abusers may not have been abused but witnessed domestic violence Abusers tend to marry other abusive adults or adults who were child victims of abuse Abusers often live in poverty and abuse drugs or alcohol Stats Canada Report : Stats Canada Report Population per 1000 Canadian children and families among 34 Children’s Aids Societies in 1 territory and 2 provinces. Stats are estimated to be lower than actual numbers due to children’s inability to report and fear of reporting abuse to authorities. Young Parents and Child Abuse : Young parents: often lack parenting skills. are mentally and financially unprepared to provide for children. lack family support or a social network. often live in poverty. may abuse drugs and alcohol. are ignorant of healthy child rearing practices. may have been child sociopaths. Young Parents and Child Abuse The Child Sociopath : Many sociopaths exhibit anti-social traits during early childhood. Various family structures can create a sociopath:A lack of rules and boundariesAdults’ indulgence in drugs and alcoholTolerance of disrespectful behavioursAbuse and neglect of child Character traits of the child sociopath include: PyromaniaCruelty to animalsBullyingStealing & LyingLack of remorse/empathyLearning disorder The Child Sociopath Sybil (Shirley Ardell Mason) : Sybil (Shirley Ardell Mason) The strange case of Shirley Ardell Mason (Sybil) has been a topic of debate for decades. Dr. Cornelia Wilbur is accused of manufacturing Sybil`s DID in therapy. A colleague of Dr. Wilbur`s alleged Wilbur admitted that to get Sybil published the publisher insisted Wilbur use the expression ``multiple personality`. Although the sexual and physical abuse Sybil suffered at her mother`s hands to some extent is likely true, a historian named Peter J. Swales, who first identified Mason as Sybil, claimed that ``there is evidence that [the worst abuse] could not have happened." The Three Faces of Eve : The Three Faces of Eve The famous case of ``Eve`` (Christine Sizemore) was released as a book and a movie. Septics question Sybil`s veracity since she read this book during treatment. Unlike Mason, Sizemore claimed she developed ``alters`` as a result of childhood trauma but not child abuse. Sizemore`s psychiatrist, Dr. Thigpen, claimed that Sizemore had not three but twenty-one alters, a fact Sizemore herself disputed in a BBC television program. Reported Incidence of DID Worldwide Prior to and After 1976 (particularly in North America) : The release of the movie Sybil led to significant increases in diagnoses of DID in the world population and in particular in the U.S. after 1976, suggesting a co-relation between the two. Reported Incidence of DID Worldwide Prior to and After 1976 (particularly in North America) A Closer Analysis of Sybil : A Closer Analysis of Sybil A Multiple Refutes DID Symptoms : A Multiple Refutes DID Symptoms A woman named Amorpha claiming to be DID, refutes the media and textbook portrayal of people with DID. Her claims are clinically unsubstantiated. Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder : Treatment of Dissociative Identity Disorder 2. Therapist and client develop a plan for stabilization. Stabilization includes undoing damaging self-concepts learned in childhood. Psychotherapy, group therapy, expressive therapies, family therapy, psycho-education, pharmacotherapy, hypnosis and sometimes hospitalization. 3. Mapping of the personality system is the next step. Internal dialogue and cooperation between alters must occur before trauma work begins. 4. Final phase is letting go of shame and continued processing of traumatic memories. Mapping a Path to Recovery : Mapping a Path to Recovery Pam: A Case Study : Pam: A Case Study At the age of 26 while hospitalized Pam entered therapy with a doctor named Ross. Pam manifested several alters 3. Many of Pam’s alters initially emerged through intravenous sodium amytal. 4. Ultimately Pam revealed 335 alters to Ross. 5. Under Ross’s care Pam was able to function as an outpatient. 6. Pam reported her mother’s suicide but an alter named Bob admitted that he had fabricated the story. 7. Ross stopped treating Pam when an aggressive alter threatened to kill Ross. Pam’s Treatment and Results : Pam’s Treatment and Results Terry: A Case Study : Terry: A Case Study Terry was employed full-time, married, with an advanced university degree. 2. Terry functioned well at work but her marriage was rocky 3. Terry remembered nothing of her childhood before age 10. She displayed 5 different Terrys. 4. Terry didn’t want to uncover her childhood memories since she suspected they were traumatic. 5. Terry maintained a distant but relatively nurturing relationship with her parents, her potential childhood abusers. Terry didn’t want full MPD therapy in case she jeopardized her job and unsatisfactory yet co-dependent marriage. 7. Terry’s therapist agreed with her decision and discharged her without attempting intensive MPD counselling. Terry’s Treatment and Results : Terry’s Treatment and Results Cases Where Psychiatric Treatment is Not Recommended : Cases Where Psychiatric Treatment is Not Recommended Nora: A Dubious Case Study : Nora: A Dubious Case Study DID and Visual Arts : DID and Visual Arts A number of DID patients engage in drawings and paintings that frequently reflect early incidents of childhood trauma or expressions of fear and rage. Different alters may create radically different styles of work. Art therapy has long been used with child abuse victims, regardless of whether or not they have a diagnosis of DID. House-Tree-Person Test : House-Tree-Person Test Child sexual abuse victims may be administered the House-Tree-Person (HTP) test. Houses may be outlined in red and bear phallic shaped chimneys, however the clinician’s interpretation of a phallic shape can skewer analysis of the drawing. An abused child’s house often has no doors or windows (no escape). If windows are present they are coloured in, allowing no visibility. Self-Portraits : Self-Portraits a child sex abuse victim often draws her/himself in geometric shapes sometimes without arms or facial features sometimes encapsulated, indicating an inability to escape House and Encapsulated Self – Kim Noble, Artist(by her alter Patricia) : House and Encapsulated Self – Kim Noble, Artist(by her alter Patricia) Patricia Above: Note the characteristics of Patricia’s self-portrait, she is encapsulated without the possibility of escape. Right: The house has darkened windows and no doors. The words written in reverse read help please. Non-Offending Caregiver Houses : Non-Offending Caregiver Houses Mapping technique used by a non-offending caregiver after she received disclosure of sex abuse from her child. The picture uses simple geometric shapes and varying lines. A single jagged line divides the house. There are windows that lack visibility and a closed door. Kim Noble: DID Artist : Kim Noble: DID Artist Kim Noble is a renowned visual artist with DID. Her work has been displayed in galleries worldwide. The most remarkable feature about the work is the very different artistic styles displayed by her alters and the 14 names listed on the gallery walls. Bonny One of the “others”. The sign around her neck reads I am stupid please kick me Dawn Play Therapy and DID : Play Therapy and DID Further Diagnostic Procedures : Further Diagnostic Procedures Hope and Healing: The Goal of Integration : Hope and Healing: The Goal of Integration What is Integration? : What is Integration? DID defines a single person with separately functioning parts of the mind DID is not a collection of separate personalities or selves Integrated functioning of the mind is the usual goal of therapy Urging alters to create names when they have none is counterproductive The therapist must avoid choosing “favourites” among the alters An increased sense of connectedness is usually beneficial to the DID patient Proactive Prevention : Proactive Prevention Integrate the community Prevent rather than react to child abuse leading to DID, depression, and other forms of trauma. Recognize pathology in parents and children. Know your limits. Enact public education. Take parenting classes. Teach children their rights. Zero tolerance toward child abuse. Speak up!