Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt : Ancient Egypt Libby Huang


Economics : Economics Origin People with farming and herding skills moving into Egypt when Sahara and Middle East dried out during 3500BCE.


Slide3 : Ways to farm Use hands to dig holes and plant 3000BCE invented animal-drawn plow, farming became much easier.


Slide4 : Food supply Wheat-bread, major meal Barley-beer-important in Egypt Dates-dessert Meat Wheat


Slide5 : Dates Barley


Slide6 : Internal trade People became different experts Trade with each other within the village to get the food or goods one cannot produce


Slide7 : Roles of men and women Both work on the field Men cut grain Women picked and tied them up


Military : Military Leaders The pharaoh is always the highest leader Other leaders were first trained as scribes so they can read the orders properly Egyptian helmet


Slide9 : Military technology Keep evolving from Archaic to New Kingdom From clubs to armors and chariots The most important change throughout Egypt history


Slide10 : Pre-dynastic flint knife Throwing sticks Arrowhead Dagger


Slide11 : Composition of soldiers Mostly are professional soldiers Most soldiers were regarded as highly as Nobles Some were hired from other country Two Hittite spies beaten up by Egyptian soldiers


Slide12 : Egyptian soldier wood model 2040-1780BCE. Painted red hired Nubian soldier wood model 2040-1780BCE. Painted black


Slide13 : The most notable The composite bowmen They were even remembered by the Romans The bow came from Middle East Composite Bow


Slide14 : Military strength Were not super strong Became war machines during New Kingdom Empire stretch to Euphrates river Ahmose I defeating the Hyksos and starts the New Kingdom


Government : Government Characteristics Monarchy Revolved around the pharaoh Theocracy


Slide16 : Taxation Most of the taxes were dealing with goods and labors Scribe who assessed taxes


Slide17 : Changes The ways the government works were quite consistent Has large changes only during invasions or rebellions. A painting discovered during Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt


Law and Court : Law and Court Law system Pharaoh-always the head Vizier-often the judge Local councils Great Kenbet Local Kenbet Egyptian court Open court


Slide19 : Laws No law codes survived Base on common senses View all people essentially equal State took on both prosecutor and judge during major cases


Slide20 : Punishments Minor cases Fines, beating, exile Major cases Death penalty Could expend to their family


Slide21 : Religion involvements During New Kingdom some decisions were made by asking deities yes or no question and they would answer through the actions of the priest


Writing : Writing Scribes Were first farmer after their training All kinds of jobs Writes in tombs Writes in temples In army In government


Slide23 : Types of writing Hieroglyphs-the oldest Hieratic-cursive of Hieroglyphs Demotic-the most cursive


Slide24 : Hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs(inscription)


Slide25 : Hieratic


Slide26 : Demotic


Slide27 : Uses No dominate one Evolved into different and certain uses.


Religion : Religion Characteristics Polytheism Believe in afterlife and people will all be judged after all The journey to afterlife


Slide29 : The weighing of hearts


Slide30 : Priests Pharaoh are always the highest priest Other priests are considered a high and special level nobles


Slide31 : Temples Believed to be the houses of the deities Buildings included many other parts other than the throne


Slide32 : Religious involvements in other categories Ancient Egypt is a religious country Religion got involved in almost every category Akhenaten and Nefertiti being blessed by the Aten rays while holding their children


Art : Art Paintings


Slide34 : Changes in content and style Daily lifehistorical Detailedsloppy Became mixed culture during invasions Egypt-Persian Egypt-Greek Egypt-Roman Coptic Islam Amarna painting


Slide35 : Inscriptions Inscriptions in a temple


Slide36 : A part of a noble’s house’s window


Slide37 : Sculptures


Slide38 : Pharaoh Mycerinus and his wife A sphinx statue


Architecture : Architecture Pyramids


Slide40 : Temples


Technology : Technology General Make and use their own mud brick to build buildings Probably the first people to make yeast-rising bread House in general


Slide42 : Nature observations Good ways of predict and measure how high the Nile flood would be Kept good records and good calendars Egyptian calendar


Slide43 : Engineering Math Water moving-irrigations Building pyramids and temples


Slide44 : Egyptian calculation


Slide45 : Shadoof for Irrigation


Slide46 : Pyramid Khufu


Slide47 : Temple of Abu Simbel