Test review for Earth's Changing Surface

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Review for chapters 1-2

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Earth’s Changing Surface : 

Earth’s Changing Surface 1-1 2-1 2-2 2-3

Test Review : 

Test Review

The solid layer of rock beneath the soil is called ___________. : 

The solid layer of rock beneath the soil is called ___________.

Bedrock : 

Bedrock

A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by ______________. : 

A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by ______________.

Oxygen : 

Oxygen

What term describes the difference between the highest and lowest parts of an area? : 

What term describes the difference between the highest and lowest parts of an area?

Relief : 

Relief

The “sphere” that extends into each of the other spheres is the ________________. : 

The “sphere” that extends into each of the other spheres is the ________________.

Biosphere : 

Biosphere

The agent of mechanical weathering in which a rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called_________________. : 

The agent of mechanical weathering in which a rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called_________________.

Abrasion : 

Abrasion

Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of ___________________. : 

Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of ___________________.

Freezing and thawing of water : 

Freezing and thawing of water

Elevation, relief, and landforms are factors that determine an area’s _______________? : 

Elevation, relief, and landforms are factors that determine an area’s _______________?

Topography : 

Topography

The decayed organic material in soil is called ____________. : 

The decayed organic material in soil is called ____________.

Humus : 

Humus

Plateaus, plains, and mountains are all part of which of Earth’s spheres? : 

Plateaus, plains, and mountains are all part of which of Earth’s spheres?

Lithosphere : 

Lithosphere

A landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface is a _______________. : 

A landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface is a _______________.

Plateau : 

Plateau

The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water is called __________________. : 

The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water is called __________________.

Soil : 

Soil

One major difference between a coastal plain and an interior plain is in _________________. : 

One major difference between a coastal plain and an interior plain is in _________________.

Elevation : 

Elevation

If you were in a submersible and landed on the ocean floor, you would be touching down on Earth’s ________________. : 

If you were in a submersible and landed on the ocean floor, you would be touching down on Earth’s ________________.

Lithosphere : 

Lithosphere

Soil formation begins with the weathering of __________. : 

Soil formation begins with the weathering of __________.

Rock : 

Rock

Living organisms in soil help to _________________. : 

Living organisms in soil help to _________________.

Mix the soil and make humus : 

Mix the soil and make humus

Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930s? : 

Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930s?

It helped to cause the Dust Bowl : 

It helped to cause the Dust Bowl

The texture of soil depends on ______________. : 

The texture of soil depends on ______________.

The size of individual soil particles : 

The size of individual soil particles

What term describes the management of soil to prevent its destruction? : 

What term describes the management of soil to prevent its destruction?

Soil conservation : 

Soil conservation

In conservation plowing, why are dead weeds and stalks of the previous year’s crop left in the ground? : 

In conservation plowing, why are dead weeds and stalks of the previous year’s crop left in the ground?

To retain moisture and hold the soil in place : 

To retain moisture and hold the soil in place

The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are ____________. : 

The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are ____________.

Rock type and climate : 

Rock type and climate

The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope is called _____________. : 

The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope is called _____________.

Contour plowing : 

Contour plowing

The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in _____________. : 

The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in _____________.

Mechanical weathering : 

Mechanical weathering

Soil is a valuable resource because it ____________. : 

Soil is a valuable resource because it ____________.

Is important to all living things on land : 

Is important to all living things on land

Decomposers are the soil organisms that __________. : 

Decomposers are the soil organisms that __________.

Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms : 

Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms

What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover? : 

What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?

Erosion by water or wind : 

Erosion by water or wind

In which “sphere” are rivers included? : 

In which “sphere” are rivers included?

Hydrosphere : 

Hydrosphere

Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by _______________. : 

Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by _______________.

Earthworms : 

Earthworms

A permeable rock weathers easily because it ____________. : 

A permeable rock weathers easily because it ____________.

Contains many small, connected airspaces : 

Contains many small, connected airspaces

The type of soil called loam is made up of ___________. : 

The type of soil called loam is made up of ___________.

Nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay : 

Nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay