Test review for Earth's Changing Surface

Earth’s Changing Surface :Earth’s Changing Surface 1-1 2-1 2-2 2-3


Test Review :Test Review


The solid layer of rock beneath the soil is called ___________. :The solid layer of rock beneath the soil is called ___________.


Bedrock :Bedrock


A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by ______________. :A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has been chemically weathered by ______________.


Oxygen :Oxygen


What term describes the difference between the highest and lowest parts of an area? :What term describes the difference between the highest and lowest parts of an area?


Relief :Relief


The “sphere” that extends into each of the other spheres is the ________________. :The “sphere” that extends into each of the other spheres is the ________________.


Biosphere :Biosphere


The agent of mechanical weathering in which a rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called_________________. :The agent of mechanical weathering in which a rock is worn away by the grinding action of other rock particles is called_________________.


Abrasion :Abrasion


Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of ___________________. :Ice wedging causes mechanical weathering of rock by means of ___________________.


Freezing and thawing of water :Freezing and thawing of water


Elevation, relief, and landforms are factors that determine an area’s _______________? :Elevation, relief, and landforms are factors that determine an area’s _______________?


Topography :Topography


The decayed organic material in soil is called ____________. :The decayed organic material in soil is called ____________.


Humus :Humus


Plateaus, plains, and mountains are all part of which of Earth’s spheres? :Plateaus, plains, and mountains are all part of which of Earth’s spheres?


Lithosphere :Lithosphere


A landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface is a _______________. :A landform that has high elevation and a more or less level surface is a _______________.


Plateau :Plateau


The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water is called __________________. :The mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water is called __________________.


Soil :Soil


One major difference between a coastal plain and an interior plain is in _________________. :One major difference between a coastal plain and an interior plain is in _________________.


Elevation :Elevation


If you were in a submersible and landed on the ocean floor, you would be touching down on Earth’s ________________. :If you were in a submersible and landed on the ocean floor, you would be touching down on Earth’s ________________.


Lithosphere :Lithosphere


Soil formation begins with the weathering of __________. :Soil formation begins with the weathering of __________.


Rock :Rock


Living organisms in soil help to _________________. :Living organisms in soil help to _________________.


Mix the soil and make humus :Mix the soil and make humus


Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930s? :Plowing removed the grass from the Great Plains and exposed the soil. What effect did this have when a drought struck the Great Plains during the 1930s?


It helped to cause the Dust Bowl :It helped to cause the Dust Bowl


The texture of soil depends on ______________. :The texture of soil depends on ______________.


The size of individual soil particles :The size of individual soil particles


What term describes the management of soil to prevent its destruction? :What term describes the management of soil to prevent its destruction?


Soil conservation :Soil conservation


In conservation plowing, why are dead weeds and stalks of the previous year’s crop left in the ground? :In conservation plowing, why are dead weeds and stalks of the previous year’s crop left in the ground?


To retain moisture and hold the soil in place :To retain moisture and hold the soil in place


The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are ____________. :The most important factors in determining the rate of weathering are ____________.


Rock type and climate :Rock type and climate


The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope is called _____________. :The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope is called _____________.


Contour plowing :Contour plowing


The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in _____________. :The growth of plant roots and animal activity may result in _____________.


Mechanical weathering :Mechanical weathering


Soil is a valuable resource because it ____________. :Soil is a valuable resource because it ____________.


Is important to all living things on land :Is important to all living things on land


Decomposers are the soil organisms that __________. :Decomposers are the soil organisms that __________.


Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms :Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms


What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover? :What can cause the loss of soil that is not protected by plant cover?


Erosion by water or wind :Erosion by water or wind


In which “sphere” are rivers included? :In which “sphere” are rivers included?


Hydrosphere :Hydrosphere


Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by _______________. :Most of the work of mixing humus within the soil is done by _______________.


Earthworms :Earthworms


A permeable rock weathers easily because it ____________. :A permeable rock weathers easily because it ____________.


Contains many small, connected airspaces :Contains many small, connected airspaces


The type of soil called loam is made up of ___________. :The type of soil called loam is made up of ___________.


Nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay :Nearly equal amounts of silt, sand, and clay