logging in or signing up Hollywood is my Baby's Daddy lawwebmaster Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 138 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 22, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description This presentation accompanies Nicole Thurston's article entitled, "HOLLYWOOD IS MY BABY‟S DADDY: TEEN PREGNANCY AT THE COST OF STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WHEN EARLY MOTHERHOOD IS IDOLIZED IN THE MEDIA," written for a class at Regent University School of Law. The professor posted the paper & presentation on her Family Restoration blog. Read more at http://regentfamilyrestoration.blogspot.com/2010/12/tee n-pregnancy-and-family.html. Learn more about Regent University School of Law at http://law.regent.edu. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Hollywood is my Baby’s Daddy: Teen Pregnancy at the cost of State and Federal Government when early Motherhood is Idolized in the Media and Mimicked by Young Girls : Hollywood is my Baby’s Daddy: Teen Pregnancy at the cost of State and Federal Government when early Motherhood is Idolized in the Media and Mimicked by Young Girls Roadmap : Roadmap Introduction into teen pregnancy Summary of Hollywood’s portrayal of teen pregnancy The real life of a teen mother The government cost of teen pregnancy What the government has done to financially provide for these teen mothers. How much are these programs costing you? How do we combat Hollywood? Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. In 2006 the teen pregnancy rate was 71.5 per 1,000 This was our first increase in the teen pregnancy rate in over a decade The teen birth rate was 41.9 per 1,000 Just one year prior, 2005, the United States had reached its lowest teen pregnancy rate in nearly thirty years (69.5 per 1,000) In 2004 there were 750,000 teen births Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. The United States has the highest teen pregnancy and birth rate out of the industrialized nations American teenagers become pregnant twice as often as Canadian teenagers, three times as often as Swedish teenagers, and seven times as often as Dutch teenagers Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. As of the most recent data collected by the Guttmacher Institute the states with the highest teen birth rates are: 1) Texas (62 per 1,000) 2) New Mexico (62 per 1,000) 3) Mississippi (61 per 1,000) A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The stigma of being a pregnant teenager has been removed from the media. Now, it is portrayed as a mere bump in the road. The standard plot: teen gets pregnant, teen is horrified, teen tells parents. The important parts of the story are glossed over. The movies and television shows do not cover how the baby bump came to be or the difficulties in raising a child at a young age. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways Prof. Jane Brown – “There’s little commitment, no mention of contraception and rarely do we see negative consequences. The media’s sexual script is missing the issue of why these teenage girls are getting pregnant and what happens afterwards.” A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways Juno (2007) Stars a witty independent-minded pregnant 16 year old by the name of Juno MacGruff. Throughout the film Juno’s pregnancy is neither sinful, shameful nor ruinous. Upon telling her parents and friends, no one suggests that her and Paulie Bleeker shouldn’t have been having sex. Juno decides to give the baby to a deserving couple. Throughout the pregnancy Juno does not have to quit school, nor is she insulted by any of her peers. After giving birth to the baby Juno’s life returns to complete normalcy, and she is able to resume her romantic friendship with Paulie. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways GLEE (2009) In season one Quinn, the president of the celibacy club and the captain of the Cheerios becomes pregnant. Quinn is kicked off the cheerleading team, in addition to being kicked out of her home by her father. After the birth of her daughter, she makes a last minute decision and gives the baby up for adoption. In the premier of season two, which attracted 12.2 million viewers, Quinn is able to regain her captain spot on the Cheerios. Her mother also forgave her and allowed her to move back home. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The Secret Life of the American Teenagers (2008) The show premiered with 15 year old “good girl” Amy discovering she was pregnant. At no point during the pregnancy does Amy lose the support of her family. Amy decides to keep her son, and is able to raise the baby with the father, a fellow high school student. The struggles between the two teens regarding parenting is a minimum. As both teens have financial and emotional support from their families. This show, now on its fourth season, has another unplanned teen pregnancy. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways One Tree Hill (2003) The innocent book smart teenager Haley James becomes pregnant by her high school basketball star husband, Nathan Scott. While the marriage faces struggles, the two parents are able to each achieve their dreams; Haley gains a music career and Nathan earns his spot on a professional basketball team. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways 16 and Pregnant (2009) A documentary program that follows the pregnancies of teen girls, showing the strained families, failing relationships, loss of friends, labor pains, and late nights. While it can be stated that the programs shows the numerous obstacles facing teen mothers in today’s society, the show has given these girls a moment in the spot light of fame. These teen mothers have been the cover stories for numerous magazines. Season two of “16 and Pregnant” premiered, grabbing the attention of 3.4 million viewers. Season three of “16 and Pregnant” aired this past October 26th. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor The reality of it all is that teen mothers are in poorer health, have more medical problems during the pregnancy, have a lower educational attainment, are less likely to finish high school, more likely to remain single parents, and more likely to have children who will repeat this pattern. Teen pregnancy imposes a lasting hardship on two generations: the parent and child The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Education Parenting is the leading reason why teenage girls have to quit school Teenage mothers, 17 and younger, only have a 40% high school graduation rate and a 23% rate of earning their GED Mothers between the age of 18 and 19 have a 63% high school graduation rate and an 11% rate of earning their GED Fewer than two percent of teen mothers earn their college degree before the age of 30 The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Relationship More than half of teen mothers say that either “sure” or “chances are good” that they will marry the father of their child Eighty percent of the time the couple does not marry Marriage between adolescents is more likely to end in divorce, and in a short period of time Compared to women who delay child birth till after the age of 18, teen mothers have a 16% more likely chance to be a single mother The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor The Second Generation Children of teen parents are more likely to be in foster care Less likely to not graduate high school The daughter of teen mothers are more likely to give birth during their teen years The sons of teen mothers are more likely to be incarcerated The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Financial Struggle The cost of motherhood for the first year is an estimated total of $8,316 Teen mothers who had their first child at 17 or younger earn on average $6,900 per year G.E.D has a minimal value in the labor market and those with G.E.D.s earn no more than high school dropouts Those teenagers who give birth at age 17 or younger can expect to earn $28,000 less in the fifteen years after the child’s birth compared to those who delay childbirth to at least age 20 Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue In 1996 President Clinton signed into action the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act PRWORA created the program Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) The goals of TANF are to emphasize work, personal responsibilities, economic sufficiency and strong families Two mandatory provisions for teen mothers: (1) live at home if not married and (2) to remain in school, if they are under the age of 18 Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue Women Infant and Children (WIC) Mission: to safeguard the health of low income women, infants, and children up to 5 years old who are a nutrition risk WIC started in 1974 with only 88,000 participants Now, each month there are 9.3 million participants Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue WIC Each state is provided with federal grants to provide those qualifying citizens with supplemental food, health care referrals, and nutrition education In 2010, fiscal year, the nationwide total for WIC funding was $7.045 billion To qualify for this program the women must be of low income and pregnant, breast feeding, or non-breast feeding postpartum women How much does Teen Pregnancy Cost? : How much does Teen Pregnancy Cost? Two approaches 1) The single-year cost of teen pregnancy, which evaluates the past year to measure the cost of public services in a given year attributed to teen birth 2) A single cohort estimates looking forward twenty years to measure the expense of teen birth 10 State Study : 10 State Study In 2009 a study was published examining the tax cost of teen births in ten states Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Maine, North Carolina, New York (with the exception of New York city), Oklahoma, South Carolina, Washington, and West Virginia The study examined the cost of four public service programs; (1) cash assistance from TANF, (2)WIC, (3) Food Stamps, and (4) Medicaid coverage at delivery 10 State Study : 10 State Study Results The expense for teenage mothers during the birth year for the four public programs in the ten states totaled more than $0.5 billion dollars The largest portion of this expense came from Medicaid, which 87% of teen mothers relied on during delivery The percentage of service used ranged from a low 18% for cash assistance to an higher use of 85% for WIC The average cost for the respective programs being $117 and $322 per month 97% of teen mothers under the age of 16 relied on WIC 10 State Study : 10 State Study The total public cost per teen mother equaled $6,349 for the birth year This totaled to an expense of $578 million in public service cost It was concluded that if unplanned teen pregnancies were postponed within these ten states the public sector would save an average of $75 million annually The data indicated that if all teen pregnancies within these study states were postponed, $90 million in public service costs would be averted annually Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy : Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy In 2006 the National Campaign to Prevent Teenage and Unplanned Pregnancy released a study examining the tax payer cost of teen pregnancy Evaluated the negative consequences of teenage childbirth, such as the cost of public health care, child welfare cost, cost of state prisons, and lost revenue to do lower taxes paid by teen mothers throughout their lifetime Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy : Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy Results The total estimated cost for teen pregnancy in the United States for 2004 amounted to $9.1 billion The annual cost of taxpayer dollars in providing for a child of a teenager is $1,430 per year Future Cost for Texas : Future Cost for Texas Lost Tax Revenue - $349 million Child Welfare - $83 million Health Care - $165 million Future cost for New Mexico : Future cost for New Mexico Lost Tax Revenue - $ 31 Million Child Welfare- $9 million Health Care - $26 million Future cost of Mississippi : Future cost of Mississippi Lost Tax Revenue - $50 million Child Welfare- $ 8 million Health Care - $26 million Teen Mothers on Welfare : Teen Mothers on Welfare Teenagers mothers (17 or younger) will collect on average $37,000 in cash assistance through welfare by the time they reach the age of 35 Teenage mothers (18 to 19) will collect $22,000 in public assistance, spend 4.5 years on welfare and 3.9 years on food stamps Teen mothers spend greater time on welfare, averaging 6.9 years for cash assistance and 5.7 years for food stamps How do we combat Hollywood? : How do we combat Hollywood? The United States, compared to other industrialized nations, has been the least successful at reducing the rate of teen births Programs stressing the difficulties of becoming a teen mother will not be effective as long as the message runs counter to the life experiences portrayed on television and in magazines Social cognitive theory – teens will model the behavior of someone they see in the media if the model is attractive and is rewarded or not punished for behaving that way. Why the government is unable to aid in this fight against Hollywood. : Why the government is unable to aid in this fight against Hollywood. The focus must be on pregnancy prevention, but PRWORA provides no additional funds for pregnancy prevention programs Money is awarded to the five states that are most successful in reducing out of wedlock births However, PRWORA does not provide money up front to help states reduce the numbers of birth States are then left to reach into their own pocket Teens and the Media : Teens and the Media Teens spend on average 8 hours a day using a source of media 4 hours a day watching television Media is a large part of the American teenagers life and a source of sexual information for teens We might hope that the media is mindful of the content that would be best for the young viewers Teens and the Media : Teens and the Media Television and media alone cannot prevent teen pregnancy The media can reach thousands of teen with important messages regarding teen pregnancy “16 and Pregnant” was created for entertainment with the goal of keeping viewers engaged Are we on the right path? : Are we on the right path? Office of Adolescent Health awards tier 1 and 2 grants every year. Tier 1 – have to replicate from a list of 28 evidence-based programs with fidelity Tier 2- grants are more flexible Tier 2 Grants : Tier 2 Grants 19 grants were awarded in 2010 Totaling $15.2 million These grants will be funded for up to 5 years These 19 grants are located in 14 states and the D.C. area Tier 2 Grants : Tier 2 Grants Alaska California (2) Colorado (2) Washington D.C. Florida Hawaii Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts New Jersey New Mexico New York South Dakota Texas (2) Programs using a media source? “Sé tú Mismo” (D.C.) Awarded $1,000,000 Social media and text messaging campaign 8 week curriculum for 9th and 10th grade Latinos “Gender Matters” (NY) Awarded $976,408 Uses text messaging Implements a curriculum about safe sex The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation Works to shape the way young Americans think about teen pregnancy Launched in 2001 to educate the youth on the devastating consequences of teen pregnancy Focusing on teenagers using a high profile media campaign Unique approach: ads use celebrities teens can relate to Their goal “ to influence teen culture” The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation “Teen girls who have been exposed to the foundation and its messages are more likely to view teen pregnancy and parenthood as stressful and negative, and they are more likely to be skeptical of the media’s portrayal of teen pregnancy and parenting.” Candie’s Print Ads : Candie’s Print Ads Print ads: Seventeen, Vibe, The Source, Blender, Teen Vogue, J14, Elle, Instyle, and Cosmopolitan Broadcast: ABC, NBC, Fox, CBS, and MTV Online: AOL, MTV, THE-N, MyYearbook.com, Seventeen.com, BlackPlanet.com, perezhilton.com, The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation The overarching message of their campaign is “Pause Before You Play”: pause to think about your future; pause to think about consequences; pause to evaluate your relationship; pause to delay sex; pause to get a condom; pause to ask why now? Candie’s Video Ads : Candie’s Video Ads You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
Hollywood is my Baby's Daddy lawwebmaster Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 138 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (0) Dislike it (0) Added: December 22, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description This presentation accompanies Nicole Thurston's article entitled, "HOLLYWOOD IS MY BABY‟S DADDY: TEEN PREGNANCY AT THE COST OF STATE AND FEDERAL GOVERNMENT WHEN EARLY MOTHERHOOD IS IDOLIZED IN THE MEDIA," written for a class at Regent University School of Law. The professor posted the paper & presentation on her Family Restoration blog. Read more at http://regentfamilyrestoration.blogspot.com/2010/12/tee n-pregnancy-and-family.html. Learn more about Regent University School of Law at http://law.regent.edu. Comments Posting comment... Premium member Presentation Transcript Hollywood is my Baby’s Daddy: Teen Pregnancy at the cost of State and Federal Government when early Motherhood is Idolized in the Media and Mimicked by Young Girls : Hollywood is my Baby’s Daddy: Teen Pregnancy at the cost of State and Federal Government when early Motherhood is Idolized in the Media and Mimicked by Young Girls Roadmap : Roadmap Introduction into teen pregnancy Summary of Hollywood’s portrayal of teen pregnancy The real life of a teen mother The government cost of teen pregnancy What the government has done to financially provide for these teen mothers. How much are these programs costing you? How do we combat Hollywood? Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. In 2006 the teen pregnancy rate was 71.5 per 1,000 This was our first increase in the teen pregnancy rate in over a decade The teen birth rate was 41.9 per 1,000 Just one year prior, 2005, the United States had reached its lowest teen pregnancy rate in nearly thirty years (69.5 per 1,000) In 2004 there were 750,000 teen births Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. The United States has the highest teen pregnancy and birth rate out of the industrialized nations American teenagers become pregnant twice as often as Canadian teenagers, three times as often as Swedish teenagers, and seven times as often as Dutch teenagers Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. : Teen Pregnancy in the U.S. As of the most recent data collected by the Guttmacher Institute the states with the highest teen birth rates are: 1) Texas (62 per 1,000) 2) New Mexico (62 per 1,000) 3) Mississippi (61 per 1,000) A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The stigma of being a pregnant teenager has been removed from the media. Now, it is portrayed as a mere bump in the road. The standard plot: teen gets pregnant, teen is horrified, teen tells parents. The important parts of the story are glossed over. The movies and television shows do not cover how the baby bump came to be or the difficulties in raising a child at a young age. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways Prof. Jane Brown – “There’s little commitment, no mention of contraception and rarely do we see negative consequences. The media’s sexual script is missing the issue of why these teenage girls are getting pregnant and what happens afterwards.” A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways Juno (2007) Stars a witty independent-minded pregnant 16 year old by the name of Juno MacGruff. Throughout the film Juno’s pregnancy is neither sinful, shameful nor ruinous. Upon telling her parents and friends, no one suggests that her and Paulie Bleeker shouldn’t have been having sex. Juno decides to give the baby to a deserving couple. Throughout the pregnancy Juno does not have to quit school, nor is she insulted by any of her peers. After giving birth to the baby Juno’s life returns to complete normalcy, and she is able to resume her romantic friendship with Paulie. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways GLEE (2009) In season one Quinn, the president of the celibacy club and the captain of the Cheerios becomes pregnant. Quinn is kicked off the cheerleading team, in addition to being kicked out of her home by her father. After the birth of her daughter, she makes a last minute decision and gives the baby up for adoption. In the premier of season two, which attracted 12.2 million viewers, Quinn is able to regain her captain spot on the Cheerios. Her mother also forgave her and allowed her to move back home. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The Secret Life of the American Teenagers (2008) The show premiered with 15 year old “good girl” Amy discovering she was pregnant. At no point during the pregnancy does Amy lose the support of her family. Amy decides to keep her son, and is able to raise the baby with the father, a fellow high school student. The struggles between the two teens regarding parenting is a minimum. As both teens have financial and emotional support from their families. This show, now on its fourth season, has another unplanned teen pregnancy. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways One Tree Hill (2003) The innocent book smart teenager Haley James becomes pregnant by her high school basketball star husband, Nathan Scott. While the marriage faces struggles, the two parents are able to each achieve their dreams; Haley gains a music career and Nathan earns his spot on a professional basketball team. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways 16 and Pregnant (2009) A documentary program that follows the pregnancies of teen girls, showing the strained families, failing relationships, loss of friends, labor pains, and late nights. While it can be stated that the programs shows the numerous obstacles facing teen mothers in today’s society, the show has given these girls a moment in the spot light of fame. These teen mothers have been the cover stories for numerous magazines. Season two of “16 and Pregnant” premiered, grabbing the attention of 3.4 million viewers. Season three of “16 and Pregnant” aired this past October 26th. A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways : A Hollywood ending that rarely plays out in the high school hallways The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor The reality of it all is that teen mothers are in poorer health, have more medical problems during the pregnancy, have a lower educational attainment, are less likely to finish high school, more likely to remain single parents, and more likely to have children who will repeat this pattern. Teen pregnancy imposes a lasting hardship on two generations: the parent and child The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Education Parenting is the leading reason why teenage girls have to quit school Teenage mothers, 17 and younger, only have a 40% high school graduation rate and a 23% rate of earning their GED Mothers between the age of 18 and 19 have a 63% high school graduation rate and an 11% rate of earning their GED Fewer than two percent of teen mothers earn their college degree before the age of 30 The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Relationship More than half of teen mothers say that either “sure” or “chances are good” that they will marry the father of their child Eighty percent of the time the couple does not marry Marriage between adolescents is more likely to end in divorce, and in a short period of time Compared to women who delay child birth till after the age of 18, teen mothers have a 16% more likely chance to be a single mother The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor The Second Generation Children of teen parents are more likely to be in foster care Less likely to not graduate high school The daughter of teen mothers are more likely to give birth during their teen years The sons of teen mothers are more likely to be incarcerated The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor : The Reality of Teen Motherhood: What ends up on Hollywood’s editing floor Financial Struggle The cost of motherhood for the first year is an estimated total of $8,316 Teen mothers who had their first child at 17 or younger earn on average $6,900 per year G.E.D has a minimal value in the labor market and those with G.E.D.s earn no more than high school dropouts Those teenagers who give birth at age 17 or younger can expect to earn $28,000 less in the fifteen years after the child’s birth compared to those who delay childbirth to at least age 20 Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue In 1996 President Clinton signed into action the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act PRWORA created the program Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) The goals of TANF are to emphasize work, personal responsibilities, economic sufficiency and strong families Two mandatory provisions for teen mothers: (1) live at home if not married and (2) to remain in school, if they are under the age of 18 Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue Women Infant and Children (WIC) Mission: to safeguard the health of low income women, infants, and children up to 5 years old who are a nutrition risk WIC started in 1974 with only 88,000 participants Now, each month there are 9.3 million participants Government Aid to the Rescue : Government Aid to the Rescue WIC Each state is provided with federal grants to provide those qualifying citizens with supplemental food, health care referrals, and nutrition education In 2010, fiscal year, the nationwide total for WIC funding was $7.045 billion To qualify for this program the women must be of low income and pregnant, breast feeding, or non-breast feeding postpartum women How much does Teen Pregnancy Cost? : How much does Teen Pregnancy Cost? Two approaches 1) The single-year cost of teen pregnancy, which evaluates the past year to measure the cost of public services in a given year attributed to teen birth 2) A single cohort estimates looking forward twenty years to measure the expense of teen birth 10 State Study : 10 State Study In 2009 a study was published examining the tax cost of teen births in ten states Alabama, Alaska, Florida, Maine, North Carolina, New York (with the exception of New York city), Oklahoma, South Carolina, Washington, and West Virginia The study examined the cost of four public service programs; (1) cash assistance from TANF, (2)WIC, (3) Food Stamps, and (4) Medicaid coverage at delivery 10 State Study : 10 State Study Results The expense for teenage mothers during the birth year for the four public programs in the ten states totaled more than $0.5 billion dollars The largest portion of this expense came from Medicaid, which 87% of teen mothers relied on during delivery The percentage of service used ranged from a low 18% for cash assistance to an higher use of 85% for WIC The average cost for the respective programs being $117 and $322 per month 97% of teen mothers under the age of 16 relied on WIC 10 State Study : 10 State Study The total public cost per teen mother equaled $6,349 for the birth year This totaled to an expense of $578 million in public service cost It was concluded that if unplanned teen pregnancies were postponed within these ten states the public sector would save an average of $75 million annually The data indicated that if all teen pregnancies within these study states were postponed, $90 million in public service costs would be averted annually Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy : Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy In 2006 the National Campaign to Prevent Teenage and Unplanned Pregnancy released a study examining the tax payer cost of teen pregnancy Evaluated the negative consequences of teenage childbirth, such as the cost of public health care, child welfare cost, cost of state prisons, and lost revenue to do lower taxes paid by teen mothers throughout their lifetime Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy : Future Cost of Teen Pregnancy Results The total estimated cost for teen pregnancy in the United States for 2004 amounted to $9.1 billion The annual cost of taxpayer dollars in providing for a child of a teenager is $1,430 per year Future Cost for Texas : Future Cost for Texas Lost Tax Revenue - $349 million Child Welfare - $83 million Health Care - $165 million Future cost for New Mexico : Future cost for New Mexico Lost Tax Revenue - $ 31 Million Child Welfare- $9 million Health Care - $26 million Future cost of Mississippi : Future cost of Mississippi Lost Tax Revenue - $50 million Child Welfare- $ 8 million Health Care - $26 million Teen Mothers on Welfare : Teen Mothers on Welfare Teenagers mothers (17 or younger) will collect on average $37,000 in cash assistance through welfare by the time they reach the age of 35 Teenage mothers (18 to 19) will collect $22,000 in public assistance, spend 4.5 years on welfare and 3.9 years on food stamps Teen mothers spend greater time on welfare, averaging 6.9 years for cash assistance and 5.7 years for food stamps How do we combat Hollywood? : How do we combat Hollywood? The United States, compared to other industrialized nations, has been the least successful at reducing the rate of teen births Programs stressing the difficulties of becoming a teen mother will not be effective as long as the message runs counter to the life experiences portrayed on television and in magazines Social cognitive theory – teens will model the behavior of someone they see in the media if the model is attractive and is rewarded or not punished for behaving that way. Why the government is unable to aid in this fight against Hollywood. : Why the government is unable to aid in this fight against Hollywood. The focus must be on pregnancy prevention, but PRWORA provides no additional funds for pregnancy prevention programs Money is awarded to the five states that are most successful in reducing out of wedlock births However, PRWORA does not provide money up front to help states reduce the numbers of birth States are then left to reach into their own pocket Teens and the Media : Teens and the Media Teens spend on average 8 hours a day using a source of media 4 hours a day watching television Media is a large part of the American teenagers life and a source of sexual information for teens We might hope that the media is mindful of the content that would be best for the young viewers Teens and the Media : Teens and the Media Television and media alone cannot prevent teen pregnancy The media can reach thousands of teen with important messages regarding teen pregnancy “16 and Pregnant” was created for entertainment with the goal of keeping viewers engaged Are we on the right path? : Are we on the right path? Office of Adolescent Health awards tier 1 and 2 grants every year. Tier 1 – have to replicate from a list of 28 evidence-based programs with fidelity Tier 2- grants are more flexible Tier 2 Grants : Tier 2 Grants 19 grants were awarded in 2010 Totaling $15.2 million These grants will be funded for up to 5 years These 19 grants are located in 14 states and the D.C. area Tier 2 Grants : Tier 2 Grants Alaska California (2) Colorado (2) Washington D.C. Florida Hawaii Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Massachusetts New Jersey New Mexico New York South Dakota Texas (2) Programs using a media source? “Sé tú Mismo” (D.C.) Awarded $1,000,000 Social media and text messaging campaign 8 week curriculum for 9th and 10th grade Latinos “Gender Matters” (NY) Awarded $976,408 Uses text messaging Implements a curriculum about safe sex The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation Works to shape the way young Americans think about teen pregnancy Launched in 2001 to educate the youth on the devastating consequences of teen pregnancy Focusing on teenagers using a high profile media campaign Unique approach: ads use celebrities teens can relate to Their goal “ to influence teen culture” The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation “Teen girls who have been exposed to the foundation and its messages are more likely to view teen pregnancy and parenthood as stressful and negative, and they are more likely to be skeptical of the media’s portrayal of teen pregnancy and parenting.” Candie’s Print Ads : Candie’s Print Ads Print ads: Seventeen, Vibe, The Source, Blender, Teen Vogue, J14, Elle, Instyle, and Cosmopolitan Broadcast: ABC, NBC, Fox, CBS, and MTV Online: AOL, MTV, THE-N, MyYearbook.com, Seventeen.com, BlackPlanet.com, perezhilton.com, The Candie’s Foundation : The Candie’s Foundation The overarching message of their campaign is “Pause Before You Play”: pause to think about your future; pause to think about consequences; pause to evaluate your relationship; pause to delay sex; pause to get a condom; pause to ask why now? Candie’s Video Ads : Candie’s Video Ads