nursing fundamental from the beginning

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WELCOME TO NURSING 100 : 

WELCOME TO NURSING 100 NURSING FUNDAMENTALS UNIT I: THE NURSING PROCESS

OVERVIEW OF THE NURSING PROCESS: : 

OVERVIEW OF THE NURSING PROCESS: A PROCESS IS A SERIES OF STEPS OR ACTS THAT LEADS TO ACCOMPLISHMENT OF SOME GOAL OR PURPOSE PURPOSE OF THE NURSING PROCESS IS TO PROVIDE INDIVIDUALIZED, HOLISTIC, EFFECTIVE & EFFICIENT CARE TO EACH CLIENT

THE NURSING PROCESS : 

THE NURSING PROCESS A SYSTEMATIC PROBLEM-SOLVING APPROACH ASSISTS IN THE DELIVERY OF INDIVIDUALIZED NURSING CARE

Slide 4: 

IT IS CLIENT-CENTERED EMPLOYS THE CLIENT’S STRENGHTS CAN BE USED IN VARIOUS HEALTHCARE SETTINGS

Six Phases of Nursing Process : 

Six Phases of Nursing Process Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

Outcome Identification : 

Outcome Identification Formulating & documenting measurable, realistic, client-focused goals Goals, objectives, outcomes = expectations Client outcomes evaluated to determine goal attainment

Slide 9: 

EACH PHASE IS INTERACTIVE WITH AND INFLUENCED BY THE OTHER PHASES

PURPOSE : 

PURPOSE HELPS IN MAKING DECISIONS ABOUT CLIENT CARE WHO RECEIVES CARE FIRST WHAT CAN BE DELEGATED SETTING PRIORITIES

CRITICAL THINKING : 

CRITICAL THINKING IS….. “REASONABLE REFLECTIVE THINKING THAT IS FOCUSED ON DECIDING WHAT TO BELIEVE OR DO” (ENNIS, 1987) ALLOWS NURSES TO SEE THE BIG PICTURE –INSTEAD OF FOCUSING ON DETAILS

Slide 12: 

IDENTIFIED BY THE NLN (NATIONAL LEAGUE OF NURSING) AS AN ESSENTIAL NURSING COMPETENCY CRITICAL THINKERS THINK BEYOND THE OBVIOUS

COMPONENTS OF CRITICIAL THINKING : 

COMPONENTS OF CRITICIAL THINKING MENTAL OPERATIONS –decision making & reasoning KNOWLEDGE-having the facts & understanding the reason behind the knowledge ATTITUDES- curious/open-minded/non-judgmental….

FACTORS AFFECTING CRITICAL THINKING : 

FACTORS AFFECTING CRITICAL THINKING ANXIETY & ATTITUDE LEVEL OF PREPARATION LEARNING STYLES GENDER ISSUES

Characteristics of the Critical Thinker : 

Characteristics of the Critical Thinker Open – Minded Flexible Inquisitive Reflective Creative Self-Directed REQUIRES ACTIVE PARTICIPATION

ASK WHYDEVELOP INQUISITIVENESS : 

ASK WHYDEVELOP INQUISITIVENESS

CREATIVITY : 

CREATIVITY CRITICAL THINKERS ARE CREATIVE CRITICAL THINKING IS THE FOUNDATION FOR INDIVIDUALIZING CLIENT CARE MAJOR BLOCK = GROUP THINK INTELLECTUAL COURAGE NEEDED TO THINK DIFFERENT FROM ONE’S PEERS

Critical Thinking Skills : 

Critical Thinking Skills Interpretation Analysis Evaluation Inference Explanation Self-Regulation Assessment Analysis Planning Implementation Evaluation

DECISION MAKING : 

DECISION MAKING NURSES USE CRITICAL THINKING TO MAKE CLINICAL JUDGMENTS NURSES USE CLINICAL JUDGMENTS TO MAKE SOUND DECISIONS

THE NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING : 

THE NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING PROVIDES THE BASIS FOR CRITICAL THINKING IN NURSING NURSING JUDGEMENTS OCCUR IN EVERY PHASE OF THE NURSING PROCESS & ARE MADE AFTER DATA COLLECTION (ASSESSMENT)

Therapeutic Communication : 

Therapeutic Communication SOUND KNOWLEDGE BASE (BASIC SCIENCES & HUMANITIES) ABILITY TO COMMUNICATE IN WRITING & ORALLY ABILITY TO LISTEN ACTIVELY

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION : 

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION VERBAL Concrete message Abstract message Cue words NON-VERBAL Facial expression Body language Vocal cues Eye contact Silence

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS : 

INTERPERSONAL SKILLS THE NURSE/CLIENT RELATIONSHIP

THE NURSE / CLIENT RELATIONSHIP : 

THE NURSE / CLIENT RELATIONSHIP THERAPEUTIC = HELPING FOCUS IS ON THE CLIENT MANY FACTORS INFLUENCE THIS RELATIONSHIP

PHASES OF THERAPEUTIC NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP : 

PHASES OF THERAPEUTIC NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP PHASES: ORIENTATION WORKING TERMINIATION

NURSING ATTITUDES & ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES : 

NURSING ATTITUDES & ENHANCEMENT TECHNIQUES AWARENESS EMPATHY ENCOURGE CLIENTS TO OPEN UP INDIVIDUALIZE YOUR APPROACH VARY COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES USE PARALANGUAGE APPROPRIATELY LISTEN MORE THAN TALK!!!

THINGS THAT IMPAIR COMMUNICATION : 

THINGS THAT IMPAIR COMMUNICATION PRESENTING QUICK SOLUTIONS UNWARRANTED CHEERFULNESS FALSE REASSURANCE GIVING ADVICE CHANGING THE SUBJECT

OTHER ROADBLOCKS... : 

OTHER ROADBLOCKS... BEING MORALISTIC NON-PROFESSIONAL INVOLVEMENT

SO, WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? : 

SO, WHAT DO YOU WANT TO DO? ENCOURAGE EMOTIONS ASK FOR CLARIFICATION PROVIDE SILENCE FOCUS & EXPLORE TAKE TIME TO LISTEN

Slide 32: 

SKILLFUL USE OF THERAPEUTIC RESPONSES IS ESSENTIAL FOR ACCURATE ASSESSMENT & CHOOSING APPROPRIATE NURSING INTERVENTIONS

CULTURAL DIVERSITY : 

CULTURAL DIVERSITY MAY PRESENT SPECIAL CHALLENGES FOR NURSES MUST PROVIDE CARE CONGRUENT WITH A CLIENT’S EXPECTATIONS MUST HONOR EACH INDIVIDUAL’S DIFFERENCES MUST REMEMBER TO DETERMINE CLIENT’S PERCEPTION & SIGNIFICANCE OF AN EVENT (ILLNESS)

COMMUNICATION & THE NURSING PROCESS : 

COMMUNICATION & THE NURSING PROCESS THE NURSE / CLIENT RELATIONSHIP & THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION ARE IMPORTANT INSTRUMENTS IN IMPLEMENTING THE NURSING PROCESS

HEALTH-WELLNESS CONTINUUM : 

HEALTH-WELLNESS CONTINUUM HEALTH NOT MERELY THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE MAKES ROOM FOR HEALTH WITHIN ILLNESS MORE THAN ONE FACTOR DETERMINES CLIENT’S STATE OF HEALTH ASSESS ALL ASPECTS OF CLIENT’S “HUMAN DIMENSIONS”

HOMEOSTASIS : 

HOMEOSTASIS ABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS TO MAINTAIN A RELATIVELY CONSTANT STATE OF EQUILIBRIUM IN THE ENVIRONMENT WHAT CAN INTERFERE WITH THIS???? REMEMBER…EQUILIBRIUM MUST EXIST IN ALL ASPECTS OF “HUMAN DIMENSIONS”

STRESS & ILLNESS : 

STRESS & ILLNESS CAN CAUSE OR EXACERBATE DISEASE PROCESS ILLNESS CAN CAUSE STRESS AFFECTS IMMUNE RESPONSE

Slide 38: 

COPING: EFFORTS TO MANAGE “STRESSFUL” SITUATIONS STRESS IS AN ESSENTIAL ASPECT OF OUR EXISTENCE

Slide 39: 

ADAPTATION: ACCOMODATION OF CHANGES THAT ARE OCCURING THE NURSE IS A “CHANGE AGENT”

COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS WITHDRAWING FROM STRESS : 

COMMON DEFENSE MECHANISMS WITHDRAWING FROM STRESS COMPENSATION DENIAL DISPLACEMENT INTROJECTION RATIONALIZATION PROJECTION REPRESSION SUPPRESSION REGRESSION SUBLIMATION

FACTORS AFFECTING COPING PATTERNS : 

FACTORS AFFECTING COPING PATTERNS DIET ACTIVITY / EXERCISE SLEEP & REST SAFETY & SECURITY PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE SOCIAL INTERACTION SENSORY DEFICITS

ALTERED COPING PATTERNS : 

ALTERED COPING PATTERNS ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOR PHYSICAL ILLNESS ANXIETY DEPRESSION VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

Slide 43: 

CLIENTS WITH HEALTH PROBLEMS FACE MANY STRESSORS THE NURSING PROCESS HELPS NURSES UNDERSTAND THE STRATEGIES CLIENTS USE IN ORDER TO FURTHER INDIVIDUALIZE THEIR CARE

HEALTH MAINTENANCE : 

HEALTH MAINTENANCE PERCEPTION OF HEALTH MOTIVATION TO CHANGE (if necessary) ADHERENCE TO GOALS AVAILABLE RESOURCES (social & economic)

DISEASE PREVENTION : 

DISEASE PREVENTION PRIMARY : prevent (immunizations) SECONDARY : identify (assessments, screenings) TERTIARY : after a disease / disability (cardiac rehab)

FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH MAINTENANCE : 

FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH MAINTENANCE CULTURE / VALUES / BELIEFS AGE & DEVELOPMENTAL STATUS LIFESTYLE & HABITS ENVIRONMENT & PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES ROLES & RELATIONSHIPS COPING & STRESS TOLERANCE