afs 240 - module 4; part 2

Module 4 – Part 2 : 

Module 4 – Part 2 Atlantis The Transatlantic Trade in Human Beings

African Culture : 

African Culture unification of family, village and extended family groups (tribes) "Socialist" system Strong conflict resolution system Spiritual life Religion is a late creation in human history All kinds of forms of worship nature, earth, "Phallup" (worship - capacity to unite and create a human being - "holiness") No Slaves, only the Enslaved

Beginnings of slave trade : 

Beginnings of slave trade Intermittently throughout history Arabs 1st 1000 years prior to European slave trade drained Africa of time, resources and power to fight European slave trade Mostly in East Africa and some parts of Sudanic areas (i.e., TransSaharan Trade) ARAB/European cooperation during latter part of slave trade Decline of Rome, confusion of Christianity Introduction of Islam using religion as a rationale for oppression miscegenation led to Arabs being permitted inland cooptation of Africans

European Slave Trade : 

European Slave Trade

Context of the Capture 1 : 

Context of the Capture 1 No UNITED AFRICA Kingdoms YES, Nation States NO Existence of Indigenous Enslavement Prisoners of War Expansion of Territory Indentured Servitude Economic, Social and Military Benefits Firearms Other Goods Protection Ambition of African Societies and Leaders E.g., Imperative for the King to “Grow the Kingdom” in Asante and Dahomey Some Africans sold for self-protection & corruption

Context of the Capture 2 : 

Context of the Capture 2 Divide & Rule Either you capture or you become a slave Exploitation of existing Divisions European Trade in Human Beings was a 3 nation MARITIME industry Overwhelming technological, military, and strategic advantages Access to Global Marketplace

Involvement of Europeans : 

Involvement of Europeans Spain & Portugal Initially British after England moved out of Catholic Religious orbit and into the Church of England drove Spanish & Portuguese out and established business basis of trade Dutch - heavily involved brutal slave traders, colonizers in Africa, South America, Caribbean Scandinavians Christianborg or "Osu" in Ghana Distance for re-supply limited involvement

Reasons for European Trade : 

Reasons for European Trade Need & Greed Helped to reestablish economic status of Europe (Caribbean & South America) end of famines and plagues (because of lack of sanitation) Replaces Feudal Society (i.e., European Slavery) in Europe that had existed for 1000 years Seeking trade with India (spices, etc.) Improvement of Maritime Skills Learned from Chinese Europeans & Berbers in Spain Christian Mission “convert savages” Role of European Explorers Identified exploitable natural resources and political structures across the continent

Old and “New World” Resistance : 

Old and “New World” Resistance Over 250 Organized Slave Revolts in America (recorded) Caribbean - most successful revolts Maroons in Jamaica (Maroon Wars) & Haiti South America - Consistently Revolting Maroons all over America and the Caribbean Islands Kentucky, Virginia, Mountains of Southern States Richard Price "Maroon Societies in America"

African Resistance RULE, NOT exception Both BIG and small : 

African Resistance RULE, NOT exception Both BIG and small 1.Chimurenga Resistance (Zimbabwe) 2. Battle of Isandhlawana 3. Maji-Maji Uprising (Tanganyika) 4. Battle of Adowa (Ethiopia) 5. Asante Resistance (Ghana) 6. Samori Ture 7. Libyan Resistance

Impact of the Trade : 

Impact of the Trade 60-100 million (W.E.B. DuBois) 10-18 Million (Most Scholars) 50 - 100 Million People taken (European & Arab Trade) "Flower of African Manhood & Womanhood" Gene Pool Africa has suffered spiritually, technologically, economically, politically & culturally “systematic attempt to destroy African culture!”

Ending of Slavery in the New World : 

Ending of Slavery in the New World The System Was Not Working! Decreasingly profitable Strong Resistance by Enslaved Increasing Opposition by Free People

Colonialism : 

Colonialism Berlin Conference (1884-1885) "End of the scramble for Africa" All of Africa with the exception of Ethiopia was an effort to bring all of Africa under European control MAAFA! African Holocaust?!