english project work

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ENGLISH POWER POINT Presentation Unit - 4 Environment

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Que. Select a historical site in need of conservation Research about its historic significance Identify the threatening factors Suggest the ways of preserving the geological heritage.

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The site chosen by us is: Hampi

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Historical Significance: The city of Vijayanagar, commonly known as Hampi ( Hampi ) is located on the banks of Tungabhadra river in Karnataka, India. Between 14th and mid of 16th Century Hampi ( Vijayanagar - city of victory ) was the South India's wealthiest, largest and most powerful Hindu kingdom. Hampi is not only known for its historical importance and magnificent ruins; Hampi's unique landscape and its religious association with great epic Ramayana makes it an important destination for local and international tourists and pilgrims.

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According to Ramayana, Hampi (Vijayanagar ) was ruled by the monkey kings Vali and Sugriva. The granite boulders of varying tones of yellow-orange, grey and pink dominate the Hampi's landscape , distributed either as hills or as piles of rocks are said to be flung down by the armies of Vali and Sugriva in a show of strength. For centuries, these hills provided unlimited supply of building material.

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Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, this was the most powerful Hindu kingdom in the Deccan. Travelers' such as Domingo Paez, who stayed for two years after 1520, were astonished by its size and wealth, telling tales of market full of silk and precious gems, beautiful, bejeweled courtesans, ornate palaces and joyous festivities. However, in the mid of sixteenth century, the dazzling city was devastated by a six month Deccan Sultanates siege.

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Threatening Factors : The Primary Threats to Hampi World Heritage – 1 . Urbanization and Unplanned Development: Encroaching infrastructure and uncontrolled construction of buildings are a constant threat to Hampi.

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2. Environmental Threats - Stone quarrying, ramped pollution

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Steps taken to preserve geological heritage : The Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority conducted a survey of the declared monuments in Hampi to identify unauthorized constructions within the limits of the World Heritage Site and cleared the encroachments near the site . This controlled encroachment of infrastructure and also controlled the construction of buildings near the site.

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Stone quarrying is also been banned near the site as a step towards conserving the world heritage of Hampi.

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