idealism ppt slides

PHILOSOPHY Theories of Reality: 

PHILOSOPHY Theories of Reality

Slide 2: 

Philosophy is: The general beliefs and attitudes of an individual or group The body of principles underlying a branch of learning or major discipline A search for meaning and truth

Slide 3: 

Original Definition “Love of Wisdom” Definition was developed by Socrates

Slide 4: 

Of What Value is the Study of Philosophy Provide clarification for what is or has been done by others Provides a framework for life and our action Can be useful in solving educational problems A good mental activity

Slide 5: 

Three Major Areas of Philosophy Metaphysics - the nature of reality Axiology - the nature of values Epistemology - the nature of knowledge

Slide 6: 

Metaphysics Concerned with theories of the nature of r eality . Why does the earth exist? How did it come into being? Is mankind free? Is there a God? What is real?

Slide 7: 

Metaphysics Common terms used in metaphysics are: theology creationism evolution spirit free will Atheism Metaphysics is the area many people think of when they hear the term philosophy

Slide 8: 

concerned with theories of value Two major divisions of axiology ethics What is right and wrong? What is evil and good? aesthetics What is beautiful and ugly? Some common terms used that relate to axiology are pessimism, optimism, hedonism, egoism, and altruism. Axiology

Slide 9: 

Epistemology Concerned with theories of the nature of knowledge Epistemological questions: How do people learn? What knowledge is of utmost value? What are the different types of knowledge?

Slide 10: 

Philosophical Schools of Thought Idealism Realism Pragmatism Existentialism Reconstructionism

Slide 11: 

Idealism

Slide 12: 

Idealism (Idea-ism) a) Idealist believe that ideas are the only true reality. b) The material world is characterized by change, instability, and uncertainty, some ideas are enduring

Slide 13: 

We should be concerned primarily with the search for truth . Since truth is perfect and eternal , it cannot be found in the world of matter that is both imperfect and constantly changing. Idealism

The Idealist and the Chair: 

The Idealist and the Chair To an idealist, the concept of “chair” is important. You could destroy all the chairs in the world but they would still exist in the mind. The idea of a chair is the ultimate truth.

Slide 15: 

Leaders of Idealism Socrates (469-399 BC) Plato (427-347 BC) St. Augustine (350-4300 Descartes (1596-1650) Berkeley (1685-1753) Kant (1724-1804 )

Slide 16: 

Socrates Regarded as the father of philosophy Believed we learned through questioning (the Socratic method) Wrote nothing, what we know of his views were written by his followers, most notably Plato

Slide 17: 

George Berkeley (1685-1753) Existence is dependent upon some mind to know it, and if there are no minds, nothing would exist unless it is perceived in the mind of God. Subjective Idealism

Slide 18: 

Esse est percipi Existence of object in the universe has meaning only they are perceived by a mind qualities of an object have existence as elements in perception Object have existence since they are perceived Subjective Idealism

Slide 19: 

Plato A student of Socrates Known as the father of idealism Operated a school named the “ Academy ” Advocate objective idealism

Slide 20: 

Objective Idealism assert that the act of experiencing has a reality combining and transcending the nature of the object experienced and of the mind of the observer Objective world is mental 2. it is independent of the human knower 3. it is belongs to an absolute knower 4. differs from subjective Idealism. 5. it teaches an absolute mind of which finite minds are manifestations 6. Accept common sense realism 7. Reject naturalism( mind and spiritual values emerged from natural things)

Slide 21: 

Associated with Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) and his followers, notably in England Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924). Absolute Idealism Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Francis Herbert Bradley Reality is the product of thought 2. World is thought externalized 3. Absolute is not a thing in itself or transcendent force 4. Absolute is the world process itself

Realism: 

Realism

Realism : 

Realism Reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the human mind. Trees, sticks and stones exist whether or not there is a human mind to perceive them.

Realism: 

Realism Ideas must be subject to public verification must be proven through scientific experimentation “Science for the sake of science”

Realism: 

Realism Universal properties of objects remain constant and never change, whereas particular components do change

Realism: 

Realism Need to study nature systematically Deductive reasoning - truth is derived from generalizations Earth is the center of the universe

The Realist and the Chair: 

The Realist and the Chair To a realist, the actuality of “chair” is important. A realist would measure the chair, weight it, examine the physical characteristics, etc. The fact that the chair exists is the ultimate truth.

Leaders of Realism : 

Leaders of Realism Aristotle (384-322 BC) Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Francis Bacon (1561-1626) John Locke (1632-1704)

Slide 29: 

Naïve realism also known as direct realism or common sense realism , is a common sense theory of perception . "Naïve realism claims that the world is pretty much as common sense would have it. All objects are composed of matter , they occupy space , and have properties such as size, shape, texture, smell, taste and colour . These properties are usually perceived correctly . So, when we look at and touch things we see and feel those things directly, and so perceive them as they really are. Naïve realism Knowledge does not affect the object and qualities. Objects are common

Slide 30: 

Representationalism is the philosophical position that the world we see in conscious experience is not the real world itself, but merely a miniature virtual-reality replica of that world in an internal representation. Representationalism is also known as Indirect Realism, or Epistemological Dualism. Representationalism 1.Metaphysical thought depend upon mind 2.Thoughts are representation of objects in the mind

Slide 31: 

The central feature of the new realism was a rejection of the epistemological dualism of John Locke and the older forms of realism. The group maintained that when one is conscious of, or knows, an object, it is an error to say that there are two distinct facts -- knowledge of the object in a mind, and an extra-mental object in itself. Neo-Realism Knowledge is identified with objects

Slide 32: 

Critical realism is a philosophical view of knowledge. On the one hand it holds that it is possible to acquire knowledge about the external world as it really is, independently of the human mind . That is why it is called realism. On the other hand it rejects the view of naïve realism that the external world is as it is perceived. Recognizing that perception is a function of, and thus fundamentally marked by, the human mind, it holds that one can only acquire knowledge of the external world by critical reflection on perception and its world. That is why it is called critical. Critical realism

Educational Aims of Idealism: 

Educational Aims of Idealism Develop the mind Search for true ideas Character development Self-realization

Educational Aims of Idealism: 

Educational Aims of Idealism True education is concerned with ideas rather than matter. The idealists wants to give students a broad understanding of the world in which they live.

Realism and Education: 

Realism and Education Promotes the study of science and the scientific method There are essential ideas and facts to be learned; therefore lecture and other formal methods of teaching are useful

Realism and Education: 

Realism and Education Find specialization to be desirable Like structure ringing bells, departments, daily lesson plans If something exists, it can be measured IQ, Effective teaching Approve of competencies, performance-based teaching, accountability

Realism and Education: 

Realism and Education Teacher should present material in a systematic, organized way and teach that there are clearly defined criteria for making judgements in art, economics, politics, etc.

Slide 38: 

The End