Hazards and risks

Hazard identification : 

Description of activity: Material (Steel sheets with sharp edges) are stored in the raw material storage area. An overhead crane is used to move the material to a rack near the shearing machine which is about 30 meters away from raw material storage. Individual sheets are lifted manually from the rack and moved to the shearing machine. Shearing (or cutting) takes place, cut pieces are removed manually (stretching is required) and kept on nearby racks. Scrap is removed manually (considerable bending is required) and moved to the scrap area Hazard identification

Definition of key terms: 

Definition of key terms OH & S Hazard Risk Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Tolerable / Acceptable Risk Safety

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Occupational Health and Safety Conditions and factors that affect the well-being of employees, temporary workers, contractor personnel, visitors and any other person in the workplace

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Hazard Source, situation or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health or a combination of these (Ill health refers to identifiable, adverse physical or mental condition arising from and/or made worse by a work activity and/or work related situation)

Slide 5: 

Name any three hazards in your institute

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Risk Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Hazard Identification Process of recognizing that a hazard exists and defining its characteristics

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Risk Assessment Process of evaluating the risk(s) arising from a hazard(s), taking into account the adequacy of any existing controls, and deciding whether or not the risk(s) is acceptable

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Tolerable / acceptable risk Risk that has been reduced to a level that can be tolerated by the organization having regard to its legal obligation and its own OH&S policy

Key Definitions: 

Key Definitions Safety Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm

Heinrich’s principle: 

Heinrich’s principle 1 for Serious Injury 29 for Slight Injury 300 without Injury Accidents are a Part of the Iceberg Based on analysis on over 550 thousand occupational accidents H. W. Heinrich got the 1-29-300 principle from his analysis on over 550 thousand occupational accidents. The accidents were classified into 3 categories of serious injury (lost work-day: more than one day), slight injury (no lost work-day) and not injured.

Slide 12: 

What are the broad categories of hazards?

Hazards: Broad Categories: 

Hazards: Broad Categories Work Equipment, e.g. entrapment in machinery, equipment without ergonomics consideration. Workplace, e.g. uneven floors, poor lighting, high noise level. Materials and substances, e.g. dusts, welding fumes. Environmental, e.g. temperature extremes, both hot and cold. Working practices and procedures, e.g. poor manual handling techniques, unhygienic conditions

Hazards: 

Hazards Struck by : person struck by object Struck against : person strikes against object Contact With: Contact with energy source like electrical, hydraulic, thermal, pneumatic Caught between : pinched, crushed between objects Caught on : person or his clothing gets caught on an object Awkward Posture: exertion due to stressful / awkward posture Caught in : person caught in opening Fall to Same level: Fall to same level by slipping or tripping Fall Below: Fall to level below EX: Exposure to gases, dust, mist, UV, IR, Noise etc Excessive force, exposure to stressors from excessive force Excessive repetitions, exposure to stressors by excessive frequency

Determining need for controls: 

Hierarchy of controls Elimination – Modify a design to eliminate the hazard (Mechanized instead of manual packaging) Substitution – Substitute a less hazardous material or reduce the system energy (Lower the force, pressure, temperature, current) Engineering Controls – Ventilation systems, machine guarding, interlocks, sound enclosures Signages, warnings and / or administrative controls – Alarms, safety procedures, equipment inspections, access controls PPE – Safety glasses, hearing protection, face shields, safety harnesses and lanyards, respirators and gloves Determining need for controls

Hazard identification : 

Description of activity: Material (Steel sheets with sharp edges) are stored in the raw material storage area. An overhead crane is used to move the material to a rack near the shearing machine which is about 30 meters away from raw material storage. Individual sheets are lifted manually from the rack and moved to the shearing machine. Shearing (or cutting) takes place, cut pieces are removed manually (stretching is required) and kept on nearby racks. Scrap is removed manually (considerable bending is required) and moved to the scrap area Hazard identification

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 Planning – Legal and other requirements Identification and access to legal and other OH & S requirements Applicable requirements to be reckoned while establishing, implementing and maintaining OHSMS Up to date Communication Persons Other relevant interested parties

Safety related legislation in India: 

Safety related legislation in India Factories Act and MFR Gas Cylinder Rules SMPV Rules The Electricity Act and IER Petroleum Act and Rules IBR MSIHC PLI

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 Planning – Objectives and Programmes Documented objectives at relevant levels and functions Measurable where practicable Consistent with OH & S policy Consideration to Legal and other requirements OH & S risks Technological options Financial, Operational and business requirements Views of relevant interested parties

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 OH & S Objectives and Programmes OH&SMPs for achieving objectives Responsibility and authority Means and time frame Review at regular and planned intervals and adjust to ensure objectives are achieved

Slide 22: 

Implementation and Operation – Resources, Roles, Responsibility, Accountability and Authority Ultimate responsibility for OH&S and OH&SMS Top Management has to demonstrate commitment by Ensuring availability of resources Defining roles, allocating responsibilities and accountabilities and delegating authorities Documented and Communicated Top Management appointee (TMA) Roles, responsibilities and authority of TMA Identity of TMA to persons All with management responsibility to demonstrate commitment to continual improvement of OH&S performance Responsibility of persons in the workplace OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation – Competence, Training, and awareness Competency of personnel Appropriate education, training and /or experience Records Training Needs identification, fulfillment, evaluation of effectiveness, records Awareness related to OH&S consequences and benefits Roles and responsibilities Potential consequences Training procedures – responsibility, ability, language skills, literacy and risk OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation – Communication, Participation and Consultation Internal, with contractors / visitors and from external interested parties Participation of workers HIRADC Incident investigation Development and review of OH&S policies and objectives Consultations when changes affect their OH&S Representation on OH&S matters Workers to be informed about their participation arrangements including their representative on OH&S matters Consultation with contractors when changes affect their OH&S Consultation with relevant external interested parties OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation –Documentation OH&S Policy and objectives Description and scope of OHSMS Description of main elements, interaction, reference to related documents Documents , including records required by OHSAS Documents, including records necessary to ensure effective planning, operation and control of process related to OH&S risk management OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation – Control of Documents Controlled Control of records Approve for adequacy before issue Review, update and re-approve Identification of changes and current revision status Availability of relevant versions at use points Legible and readily identifiable Identification of documents of external origin and control distribution Unintended use of obsolete documents and identification OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation – Operational Control Identification of operations and activities associated with identified risks where controls are necessary to manage risks (including management of change) For these operations and activities Operational controls, integration of operational controls in OH&SMS Controls related to purchased goods, equipment and services Controls related to contractors and visitors Where absence could lead to deviations for OH&S policy and objectives Documented procedures to cover situations Stipulate operating criteria OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Implementation and Operation – Emergency Preparedness and Response Identify and respond to potential emergency situations Respond to actual emergency situations and prevent/mitigate adverse OH&S consequences Reckon needs of relevant interested parties like emergency services, neighbours Testing, involving relevant interested parties Review and revision OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Checking – Performance Measurement and Monitoring M & M OH & S performance Qualitative and quantitative Objectives Effectiveness of controls Proactive measures Reactive measures Record data and results Calibration and maintenance of equipment Calibration records OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Checking – Evaluation of Compliance Periodic Evaluation of compliance with applicable Legal and Other Requirements Record results OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Incident Investigation, nonconformity and CAPA Record, investigate and analyse incidents Underlying OH&S Deficiencies and Causative factors Need for Corrective action Opportunities for Preventive action Continual Improvement Opportunities Communicate results Investigate in timely manner Results of incident investigation to be documented and maintained Requirements Identify and correct nonconformities and take action to mitigate OH&S consequences Investigate, determine causes and take action to avoid recurrence Evaluate need for preventive action Record and communicate results of CAPA Review effectiveness of CAPA RA of corrective and preventive actions Appropriate to magnitude Commensurate with OH & S risk Necessray changes to OHSMS documentation OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Control of Records Identification, storage, protection, retrieval, retention and disposal of records Legible, identifiable, traceable OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

These will include at least HIRA Legal and other requirements related Status review records of OMPs Training needs evaluation and training records Records wrt competence of individuals wrt OH&S Audits etc in the department Incident/accident and CAPA Medical records if applicable OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Internal Audit OH &S MS audits at planned intervals Conformance to planned arrangements including OHSAS Implementation and maintenance Effectiveness in meeting policy and objectives Information to management Audit program based on results of RA, results of previous audits Audit procedure to address Responsibilities, competencies and requirements for planning and conducting audits, reporting results and retaining associated results Audit criteria, scope, frequency and methods Selection of auditors and conduct of audits to ensure objectivity and impartiality OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001 : 

Management Review Top management Planned intervals Continuing suitability, adequacy and effectiveness Assess Opportunities for improvement and need for changes Records of MR to be maintained Inputs to MRM Results of internal audit, evaluation of compliance , participation and consultation, relevant communication from interested parties, OH&S performance of organization, objectives , incident investigation and CAPA, follow up from previous MRMs, changing circumstances and recommendation for improvement Outputs – Decision and actions OH&S Policy, Objectives, Resources and other elements Communicate and Consultation Relevant outputs from MR to be made available for communication and consultation OH & SMS and OHSAS 18001

Thank you: 

Thank you