ATP

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By: alanamdc (8 month(s) ago)

Nice animations- very clear. I like it for my Bio Honors and Anatomy Honors students.

Presentation Transcript

Slide 1: 

2007-2008 ATP Making energy! The pointis to makeATP!

The energy needs of life : 

The energy needs of life Organisms are endergonic systems What do we need energy for? synthesis building biomolecules reproduction movement active transport temperature regulation

Where do we get the energy from? : 

Where do we get the energy from? Work of life is done by energy coupling use exergonic (catabolic) reactions to fuel endergonic (anabolic) reactions + + energy + energy +

Living economy : 

ATP Living economy Fueling the body’s economy eat high energy organic molecules food = carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids break them down catabolism = digest capture released energy in a form the cell can use Need an energy currency a way to pass energy around need a short term energy storage molecule Whoa! Hot stuff!

ATP : 

ATP How efficient! Build once,use many ways Adenosine Triphosphate modified nucleotide nucleotide = adenine + ribose + Pi ? AMP AMP + Pi ? ADP ADP + Pi ? ATP adding phosphates is endergonic

How does ATP store energy? : 

How does ATP store energy? Each negative PO4 more difficult to add a lot of stored energy in each bond most energy stored in 3rd Pi 3rd Pi is hardest group to keep bonded to molecule Bonding of negative Pi groups is unstable spring-loaded Pi groups “pop” off easily & release energy Instability of its P bonds makes ATP an excellent energy donor I thinkhe’s a bitunstable…don’t you? AMP ADP ATP

How does ATP transfer energy? : 

How does ATP transfer energy? 7.3energy + ATP ? ADP releases energy ?G = -7.3 kcal/mole can fuel other reactions Phosphorylation released Pi can transfer to other molecules destabilizing the other molecules enzyme that phosphorylates = kinase ADP ATP

An example of Phosphorylation… : 

It’snever thatsimple! An example of Phosphorylation… Building polymers from monomers need to destabilize the monomers phosphorylate! +4.2 kcal/mol “kinase” enzyme -7.3 kcal/mol -3.1 kcal/mol

Another example of Phosphorylation… : 

Another example of Phosphorylation… The first steps of cellular respiration beginning the breakdown of glucose to make ATP glucose C-C-C-C-C-C fructose-1,6bP P-C-C-C-C-C-C-P DHAP P-C-C-C G3P C-C-C-P Thosephosphatessure make ituncomfortablearound here!

ATP / ADP cycle : 

ATP / ADP cycle Can’t store ATP too reactive transfers Pi too easily only short term energy storage carbohydrates & fats are long term energy storage ATP ADP 7.3 kcal/mole A working muscle recycles over 10 million ATPs per second Whoa!Pass methe glucose (and O2)! respiration

Slide 11: 

Cells spend a lot of time making ATP! What’s thepoint? Thepoint is to makeATP!

ATP synthase : 

ATP synthase ATP But… How is the proton (H+) gradient formed? ADP Enzyme channel in mitochondrial membrane permeable to H+ H+ flow down concentration gradient flow like water over water wheel flowing H+ cause change in shape of ATP synthase enzyme powers bonding of Pi to ADPADP + Pi ? ATP

Slide 13: 

2007-2008 That’s the rest of my story! Any Questions?