Adjectives and Adverbs :Adjectives and Adverbs ESL 899 MiraCosta College Kristi Reyes


ADJECTIVES: A Review :ADJECTIVES: A Review Adjectives describe nouns (people, things, places, etc.) and pronouns (I, you, he, she, etc.) Adjectives tell Number (how many?): Opinions on quality/appearance/worth (how is it? What is it like? What kind?): Size (how big?): Age (how old?): Color (what color?): Origin (where from?): Material (what is it made of?):


Adjectives: Describing words :Adjectives: Describing words Adjectives may appear after the verb “to be”: I am worried about adjectives. California is beautiful but crowded. Subject + to be + Adj Adjectives may appear after a state of being verb: My friend seems upset about adverbs. You look marvelous. Subject + state of being verb + Adj Adjectives may appear in front of the nouns they describe: It is a nice sunny day. She is an intelligent young woman. The couple watched an old American movie. Adj + (Adj) + (Adj) + Noun


Practice: Tell a partner… :Practice: Tell a partner… What does an adjective do? 2 adjectives that describe you (I am …) 2 adjectives that describe how you feel today (I feel …) 2 adjectives that describe how your partner looks, sounds, smells, seems, appears today (You look, sound, smell, seem, appear …) Describe to your partner what you are wearing today, telling about numbers, opinions, colors, sizes, ages, materials, origins of your clothing (I am wearing …) 2 adjectives that describe the class (The class is … It is a _________ class)


You Got It! :You Got It! You can use adjectives! Any questions about adjectives?


Adverbs: A Review :Adverbs: A Review Adverbs tell: Time (when?): today, yesterday, soon, later, yet, now, still Frequency (how often?): never, rarely, seldom, infrequently, sometimes, often, usually, always Manner (how?): well, badly, slowly, fast, happily How much/ to what degree/ extent: so, too, very, really, quite, completely, extremely, overwhelmingly Place (where?): here, there, inside, outside, up, down, somewhere, everywhere


Adverbs: A Review :Adverbs: A Review Adverbs can do many things. Adverbs can describe an action verb by telling the manner of the action or frequency of the action You are talking _____________ Verb + Adv The students study ________________ The people in California drive ________ Don’t eat so _______________ Write your name ______________ She cooks _______________. I _________ come to class on time. (See notes from previous lesson on placement of frequency adverbs)


Adverbs: A Review, continued :Adverbs: A Review, continued Adverbs can describe adjectives by telling the degree (how much? To what degree? To what extent?) Adv + Adj He is a _________ hard worker. She feels ____________ happy. The students in the back are ________ talkative. However, some people are _____________ serious.


Adverbs: A Review, continued :Adverbs: A Review, continued Adverbs can describe other adverbs by telling degree, how much Adv + Adv She speaks ____________ softly. He plays the guitar _________ well. They write ____________ legibly. He volunteers in class ________ readily. You understand grammar ________ easily.


Practice: Tell a partner… :Practice: Tell a partner… Tell your partner something you are doing right now (Right now I am …) Tell your partner something you did yesterday (Yesterday I …) Tell your partner something you are going to do tomorrow (Tomorrow I am going to …) An action you do well (I ________ well) Now tell how well you do this action (I ________ ________ well) An action you do badly or poorly (I _____ badly) Now tell how badly you do this action (I ________ ________ badly) Tell your partner three things that adverbs do Tell your partner any three adverbs you can think of


You Got It! :You Got It! You can use adverbs! Any questions about adverbs?


Now for the Hard Part … :Now for the Hard Part … Adjective v. Adverbs To recap: Basic Rules Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs


Adjectives v. Adverbs :Adjectives v. Adverbs Remember: Adjectives (not adverbs) appear after “to be” verbs


Adjectives v. Adverbs :Adjectives v. Adverbs Remember: Adjectives (not adverbs) appear after state of being verbs


Adjectives v. Adverbs :Adjectives v. Adverbs You can recognize adverbs easily because many of them are formed by adding -ly to an adjective. Here careless is an adjective that modifies the proper noun Richard. Here carelessly is an adverb that modifies the verb talks.


Adjectives v. Adverbs :Adjectives v. Adverbs Some state of being verbs can be action verbs, however. For example: look, smell To determine if a word is an adjective or adverb, ask yourself what word in the sentence the word is describing. If the word is describing a person, place, thing -> _______________ If the word is describing an action -> _______________


Adjectives v. Adverbs :Adjectives v. Adverbs Here happy is an adjective that modifies the proper noun Priya and extremely is an adverb that modifies the adjective happy. Here quickly is an adverb that modifies the verb finished and unusually is an adverb that modifies the adverb quickly.


You may have noticed… :You may have noticed… Word families, spelling rules Adjective Adverb (it is/ seems, appears, looks…) (work, run, play…, _____ well) 1. Nice __________ + ___ Confident __________ + ___ 2. Angry __________ + ___ Happy __________ + ___ 3. Incredible __________ + ___ Probable __________ + ___ 4. Beautiful __________ + ___ joyful __________ + ___


Tricky ones … :Tricky ones … Avoiding Common Errors Bad or Badly? I play the piano (bad / badly). She is a (bad / badly) driver. Good or Well? The speak English (good / well). They are (good / well) English speakers. 3. Hard or Hardly? He studies (hard / hardly). 4. Late or Lately? Don’t be (late, lately). He has been working overtime (late, lately). 5. Real or Really? It rained (real, really) hard. You are a (real, really) friend.


Final tips :Final tips Not all words that end in –ly are adverbs: friendly, elderly, lively, lovely, silly Some words can be both adjectives and adverbs; it depends on how they are used. Some examples: fast: He works fast. He is a fast worker. hard: She studies hard. The test was hard. late: Don’t be late. He arrives late. daily: She watches the news daily. She reads the daily newspaper.


Websites for reference and practice are listed on Blackboardhttp://blackboard.miracosta.eduClick Course Documents, Parts of Speech :Websites for reference and practice are listed on Blackboardhttp://blackboard.miracosta.eduClick Course Documents, Parts of Speech Let’s practice: Adjective or Adverb? Need more practice? Adjective or Adverb Exercise 1 Adjective or Adverb Exercise 2 Adjective or Adverb Quiz Adjective to Adverb Converter Tool