Nats 101 - Final Video

The Immune System:

The Immune System By: Sarah Dalton

Introduction:

Introduction The immune system consists of a combination of: Cells T issues O rgans Together, they fight off bacteria, parasites and fungi that cause infections

Structure:

Structure It has a remarkable ability to be able to detect whether certain cells are from our bodies (self cells) or whether they are from outside our bodies (non-self cells )

Structure:

Structure The components of the immune system include: thymus, spleen, lymph system, bone marrow, white blood cells, antibodies, complement system and hormones

Structure:

Structure The immune system attacks, antigens, which can be viruses or molecules or they can be cells from another persons’ body (unless you have an identical twin)

Structure:

Structure The immune system is made up of lymphoid organs and are located throughout the body. Lymphoid organs contain white blood cells called lymphocytes There are two types of lymphocytes , T cells and B cells

T- Cells and B-Cells:

T- Cells and B-Cells T cells mature in the thymus while B cells are born and mature in bone marrow B cells are responsible for creating plasma cells which then create antibodies to fight off antigens T cells are responsible for letting B cells know when to start producing plasma cells

Body Response:

Body Response Infections are the most common way that the body gets sick These infections can range from the common cold to AIDS Pathogens enter the body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, genital tract or the eyes

Body Response:

Body Response Bacteria, viruses and parasites are the most common pathogens that come into the body Bacteria live between cells so our body fights them off Viruses replicate in cells Parasites are fought of by either T cells or an inflammatory attack

Immunity:

Immunity The body is capable of becoming immune to certain antigens based on the type, amount and path it enters the body This happens because some of the T and B cells become memory cells and cause the immune system to remember how to fight the antigen off

Immunity:

Immunity Vaccines are a very effective way to trick the body into thinking it has been infected with a certain disease or antigen What really happens… T hey are weakened antigens sent into our bodies T and B cells remember them and fight them off if they come into the body again

Disorders:

Disorders There are many types of immune disorders: Allergic diseases Autoimmune diseases Immune complex diseases I mmune deficiency disorders

Allergic Diseases:

Allergic Diseases Allergic diseases happen because the body is tricked into thinking there is an antigen in the body when it is really just a harmless allergen such as dust or pollen The body reacts to fight it off and that’s why we sneeze, have watery eyes, runny noses, etc.

Autoimmune Diseases:

Autoimmune Diseases Autoimmune diseases occur when the body produces T cells and antibodies that do not know the difference between self and non-self cells and begins to attack self cells An example of this is diabetes The body attacks the cells in the pancreas, which produces insulin, and does not allow it to do its job

Autoimmune Diseases:

Autoimmune Diseases The cause of autoimmune diseases is unknown, but it is thought to be related to hormones because of the fact that more women have them than men

Immune Complexes:

Immune Complexes Immune complexes are groups of linked antibodies and antigens that are normally removed from the bloodstream When they are not removed they can attach to organ tissue and cause it to become inflamed or damaged An example of this is Hepatitis C and malaria

Immune Deficiency Disorder:

Immune Deficiency Disorder Immune deficiency disorders are caused when the body is missing one or more parts of the immune system These types of disorders can be inherited, attained through an infection, caused by certain types of drugs or transplants An example of this is AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) which is caused by the virus HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus )

Immune Deficiency Disorder:

Immune Deficiency Disorder Immune deficiencies can be temporary because of certain viruses such as the flu while the immune system is weakened Stress , smoking, malnutrition and surgery are other ways in which the immune system can become weakened