logging in or signing up INTERNET PROTOCOLS kittukind Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2752 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: August 16, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: sstteeyynn (9 month(s) ago) hello i request u to plz allow this ppt to be downloaded to me i need it vry urgently as i hv to give a ppt necessary and i am short of tym.. bcoz my xam are heading so plzzzzz help me..plzzz email it at "tarunaggarwal.167@gmail.com" as early as possible Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandeep2809 (9 month(s) ago) Iam sign in but still download option says that author not allow to download the presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close By: kittukind (9 month(s) ago) Give me ur mail Id i'll mail it to u Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammar_7u55ein (13 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammar_7u55ein (13 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sammy55555 (13 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INTERNET PROTOCOLS : INTERNET PROTOCOLS B.RAMESH II-MCA 10028 Internet Protocol (IP) : Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol is a network-layer protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed . Along with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols. providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of data through an internetwork. IP packet format : IP packet format IP Addressing : IP Addressing Each host on a TCP/IP network is assigned a unique 32-bit logical address that is divided into two main parts The network number identifies a network and must be assigned by the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) The host number identifies a host on a network and is assigned by the local network administrator. IP Address Format : IP Address Format The 32-bit IP address is grouped eight bits at a time, separated by dots, and represented in decimal The minimum value for an octet is 0, and the maximum value for an octet is 255. IP Subnet Addressing : IP Subnet Addressing IP networks can be divided into smaller networks called subnetworks Subnetting provides the network administrator with several benefits, including extra flexibility For example, 172.16.1.0, 172.16.2.0, 172.16.3.0, and 172.16.4.0 are all subnets within network 171.16.0.0. How Subnet Masks are Used to Determine the Network Number : How Subnet Masks are Used to Determine the Network Number First, the router extracts the IP destination address from the incoming packet and retrieves the internal subnet mask It then performs a logical AND operation to obtain the network number. This causes the host portion of the IP destination address to be removed, while the destination network number remains Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) : Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) For two machines on a given network to communicate, they must know the other machine’s physical (orMAC) addresses. . By broadcasting Address Resolution Protocols (ARPs), a host can dynamically discover the MAC-layer address IP devices create an ARP cache to store the recently acquired IP-to-MAC address mapping Internet Routing : Internet Routing Internet routing devices traditionally have been called gateways. Routers used for information exchange within autonomous systems are called interior routers They use a variety of Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) to accomplish this purpose. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an example of an IGP. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) : Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol It provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source. ICMP Messages : ICMP Messages Network-unreachable messages: Host-unreachable messages Protocol-unreachable messages Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) : Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network Because TCP and IP are the best known of the protocols, it has become common to use the term TCP/IP or IP/TCP to refer to the whole family. Initially TCP/IP was used mostly between minicomputers or mainframes. TCP/IP SERVICES : TCP/IP SERVICES File transfer Remote login Computer mail Remote printing Name servers General description of the TCP/IP protocols : General description of the TCP/IP protocols The TCP level : The TCP level Two separate protocols are involved in handling TCP/IP datagrams TCP is responsible for breaking up the message into datagrams,reassembling them at the other end, resending anything that gets lost, and putting things back in the right order. IP (the "internet protocol") is responsible for routing individual datagrams. The Ethernet level : The Ethernet level . Ethernet is a "broadcast medium“ When you send a packet out on the Ethernet, every machine on the network sees the packet. . Every Ethernet packet has a 14-octet header that includes the source and destination Ethernet address, and a type code. The type code is to allow for several different protocol families to be used on the same network. So you can use TCP/IP, DECnet, Xerox NS, etc. at the same time. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) : User Datagram Protocol (UDP) The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport-layer protocol . Unlike the TCP, UDP adds no reliability, flow-control, or error-recovery functions to IP. Because of UDP’s simplicity, UDP headers contain fewer bytes and consume less network overhead than TCP UDP is useful in situations where the reliability mechanisms of TCP are not necessary CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION Without the Internet Protocols nothing can work on the internet. Internet Protocols have to be updated on a frequent basis and the versions have to be update so that they can communicate efficiently on the internet. You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
INTERNET PROTOCOLS kittukind Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 2752 Category: Education License: All Rights Reserved Like it (8) Dislike it (0) Added: August 16, 2010 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 2 Presentation Description No description available. Comments Posting comment... By: sstteeyynn (9 month(s) ago) hello i request u to plz allow this ppt to be downloaded to me i need it vry urgently as i hv to give a ppt necessary and i am short of tym.. bcoz my xam are heading so plzzzzz help me..plzzz email it at "tarunaggarwal.167@gmail.com" as early as possible Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sandeep2809 (9 month(s) ago) Iam sign in but still download option says that author not allow to download the presentation Saving..... Post Reply Close By: kittukind (9 month(s) ago) Give me ur mail Id i'll mail it to u Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammar_7u55ein (13 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: ammar_7u55ein (13 month(s) ago) thanx Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: sammy55555 (13 month(s) ago) good Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript INTERNET PROTOCOLS : INTERNET PROTOCOLS B.RAMESH II-MCA 10028 Internet Protocol (IP) : Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol is a network-layer protocol that contains addressing information and some control information that enables packets to be routed . Along with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), IP represents the heart of the Internet protocols. providing connectionless, best-effort delivery of data through an internetwork. IP packet format : IP packet format IP Addressing : IP Addressing Each host on a TCP/IP network is assigned a unique 32-bit logical address that is divided into two main parts The network number identifies a network and must be assigned by the Internet Network Information Center (InterNIC) The host number identifies a host on a network and is assigned by the local network administrator. IP Address Format : IP Address Format The 32-bit IP address is grouped eight bits at a time, separated by dots, and represented in decimal The minimum value for an octet is 0, and the maximum value for an octet is 255. IP Subnet Addressing : IP Subnet Addressing IP networks can be divided into smaller networks called subnetworks Subnetting provides the network administrator with several benefits, including extra flexibility For example, 172.16.1.0, 172.16.2.0, 172.16.3.0, and 172.16.4.0 are all subnets within network 171.16.0.0. How Subnet Masks are Used to Determine the Network Number : How Subnet Masks are Used to Determine the Network Number First, the router extracts the IP destination address from the incoming packet and retrieves the internal subnet mask It then performs a logical AND operation to obtain the network number. This causes the host portion of the IP destination address to be removed, while the destination network number remains Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) : Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) For two machines on a given network to communicate, they must know the other machine’s physical (orMAC) addresses. . By broadcasting Address Resolution Protocols (ARPs), a host can dynamically discover the MAC-layer address IP devices create an ARP cache to store the recently acquired IP-to-MAC address mapping Internet Routing : Internet Routing Internet routing devices traditionally have been called gateways. Routers used for information exchange within autonomous systems are called interior routers They use a variety of Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) to accomplish this purpose. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an example of an IGP. Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) : Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is a network-layer Internet protocol It provides message packets to report errors and other information regarding IP packet processing back to the source. ICMP Messages : ICMP Messages Network-unreachable messages: Host-unreachable messages Protocol-unreachable messages Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) : Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to allow cooperating computers to share resources across a network Because TCP and IP are the best known of the protocols, it has become common to use the term TCP/IP or IP/TCP to refer to the whole family. Initially TCP/IP was used mostly between minicomputers or mainframes. TCP/IP SERVICES : TCP/IP SERVICES File transfer Remote login Computer mail Remote printing Name servers General description of the TCP/IP protocols : General description of the TCP/IP protocols The TCP level : The TCP level Two separate protocols are involved in handling TCP/IP datagrams TCP is responsible for breaking up the message into datagrams,reassembling them at the other end, resending anything that gets lost, and putting things back in the right order. IP (the "internet protocol") is responsible for routing individual datagrams. The Ethernet level : The Ethernet level . Ethernet is a "broadcast medium“ When you send a packet out on the Ethernet, every machine on the network sees the packet. . Every Ethernet packet has a 14-octet header that includes the source and destination Ethernet address, and a type code. The type code is to allow for several different protocol families to be used on the same network. So you can use TCP/IP, DECnet, Xerox NS, etc. at the same time. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) : User Datagram Protocol (UDP) The User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is a connectionless transport-layer protocol . Unlike the TCP, UDP adds no reliability, flow-control, or error-recovery functions to IP. Because of UDP’s simplicity, UDP headers contain fewer bytes and consume less network overhead than TCP UDP is useful in situations where the reliability mechanisms of TCP are not necessary CONCLUSION : CONCLUSION Without the Internet Protocols nothing can work on the internet. Internet Protocols have to be updated on a frequent basis and the versions have to be update so that they can communicate efficiently on the internet.