HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM: 

HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

WHY?: 

WHY? We passionately dedicated to help medical faternity to find health status of vital organs of the patients bodyat early stage and treat them effectively by introducing innovative and high quality hand carried non invasive health care systems and devices

ABOUT PROJECT:: 

ABOUT PROJECT: Health monitoring system This project is a working model which incorporates sensors to measure important parameters like temperature Respiratory temperature & Heart beat

AIM:: 

AIM: This project aims at analysing the condition of a patient by doctors in any part of the hospital where ever they are. Flexibility

BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT :: 

BASIS OF DEVELOPMENT : As this project deals with a dedicated task , microcontroller is the

BLOCK DIAGRAM:: 

BLOCK DIAGRAM: Power supply

FLOW CHART: 

FLOW CHART

DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS: 

DESCRIPTION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS

COMPONENTS :: 

COMPONENTS : Micro controller Power supply LCD display ADC 0804 Heart beat sensor Temperature sensor

MICRO CONTROLLER :: 

MICRO CONTROLLER :

A BRIEF HISTORY…..: 

A BRIEF HISTORY….. First micro controller was introduced in 1981, by intel corp . It was a 8 bit microcontroller called 8051 . 8051 has 128 byte of RAM,4k of ROM,2 timers ,1 serial port,4 ports all on single chip. Supports both serial & parallel communication

INTRODUCTION TO 89S52: 

INTRODUCTION TO 89S52 Coming to the question of why to use 89S52 of all the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the main answer would be because it has 8kB Flash and 256 bytes of data RAM32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a Eight-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.

FEATURES OF 89S52: 

FEATURES OF 89S52 Compatible with MCS-51® Products • 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable • 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range • Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz • Three-level Program Memory Lock • 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM • 32 Programmable I/O Lines

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• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters • Eight Interrupt Sources • Full Duplex UART Serial Channel • Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes • Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode • Watchdog Timer • Dual Data Pointer

PIN DIAGRAM OF 89S52: 

PIN DIAGRAM OF 89S52

PORTS OF 89S52: 

PORTS OF 89S52 PORT 0 Port 0 pins may serve as inputs, outputs, or, when used together, as a bi directional low-order address and data bus for external memory. PORT 1 Port 1 is exclusively used for input/output operations. PORTS 1 pin have no dual function. When a pin is to be configured as input, 1 is to be written into the corresponding Port 1 latch.

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PORT 2 It may also be used to supply a high –order address byte in conjunction with Port 0 low-order byte to address external memory. PORT 3 The input and output functions can be programmed under the control of the P3 latches or under the control of various special function registers.

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Pin (SFR) Alternate Use P3.0-RXD (SBUF) Serial data input P3.1-TXD (SBUF) Serial data output P3.2-INTO 0 (TCON.1) External interrupt 0 P3.3 - INTO 1 (TCON.3) External interrupt 1 P3.4 - T0 (TMOD) External Timer 0 input P3.5 – T1 (TMOD) External timer 1 input P3.6 - WR External memory write pulse P3.7 - RD External memory read pulse The Port 3 alternate uses are :

POWER SUPPLY: 

POWER SUPPLY

INTRODUCTION :: 

INTRODUCTION : There are many types of power supply. Most are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices. A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply can be shown as below :: 

For example a 5V regulated supply can be shown as below : Similarly , 12v regulated supply can also be produced by suitable selection of the individual elements

TRANSFORMER :: 

TRANSFORMER : A transformer steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC. Here we are using a center-tap transformer whose output will be sinusoidal with 36volts peak to peak value.

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The low voltage AC output is suitable for lamps, heaters and special AC motors. It is not suitable for electronic circuits unless they include a rectifier and a smoothing capacitor. The transformer output is given to the rectifier circuit.

RECTIFIER :: 

RECTIFIER : A rectifier converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. There are several types of rectifiers; here we use a bridge rectifier.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The Bridge rectifier is a circuit, which converts an ac voltage to dc voltage using both half cycles of the input ac voltage. For the positive half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D1 and D3 conduct, whereas diodes D2 and D4 remain in the OFF state. For the negative half cycle of the input ac voltage, diodes D2 and D4 conduct whereas, D1 and D3 remain OFF.

REGULATOR:: 

REGULATOR: Regulator eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage. Voltage regulator ICs are available with fixed (typically 5V, 12V and 15V) or variable output voltages. Negative voltage regulators are also available Many of the fixed voltage regulator ICs has 3 leads (input, output and high impedance).

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Zener diode is an example of fixed regulator which is shown here.

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Transformer + Rectifier + Smoothing + Regulator is shown below

MAX 232 :: 

MAX 232 : RS-232 WAVEFORM The diagram above shows the expected waveform from the UART when using the common 8N1 format. 8N1 signifies 8 Data bits, No Parity and 1 Stop Bit.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

RS-232 Voltage levels +3 to +25 volts to signify a "Space" (Logic 0) -3 to -25 volts for a "Mark" (logic 1). Any voltage in between these regions (i.e. between +3 and -3 Volts) is undefined. The data byte is always transmitted least-significant-bit first.

HEART BEAT SENSOR: 

HEART BEAT SENSOR

INTRODUCTION: 

INTRODUCTION This heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed inside it. When the heart detector is working, the top most LED flashes in unison each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to visual the Beats Per Minute(BPM)rate.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Heart beat sensor works on the priciple of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.

FEATURES: 

FEATURES Heat beat indication by LED Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to microcontroller Compact Size Working Voltage +5V DC

APPLICATIONS: 

APPLICATIONS Digital Heart Rate monitor Bio-Feedback control of robotics and applications Exercise machines

WORKING: 

WORKING The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light detector. When the heart pumps a pulse of blood through the blood vessels, the finger becomes slightly more opaque and so less light reached the detector. This signal is amplified and triggered through an amplifier which outputs +5V logic level signal

PowerPoint Presentation: 

Following figure shows signal of heart beat sensor

DIGITAL HEART BEAT MONITOR: 

DIGITAL HEART BEAT MONITOR

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The pulse signal is applied to the P1.0 input of U2 that is AT89S52 which is monitored by the program whenever this input goes high. Internally to U2, there is a counter which counts how many 1ms intervals there are between two high going heart beat pulses. This number is then divided by 60,000 and the result is the pulse rate. For example, if the pulse rate is 60 BPM (beats per minute) there will be a pulse every second.

TEMPERATURE SENSOR: 

TEMPERATURE SENSOR

INTRODUCTION: 

INTRODUCTION The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±¼°C at room temperature and ±¾°C over a full -55 to +150°C temperature range.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The LM35's low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. The LM35 is rated to operate over a -55° to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a -40° to +110°C range (-10° with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package.

FEATURES: 

FEATURES Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade) Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor Rated for full -55° to +150°C range Suitable for remote applications Low cost due to wafer-level trimming Operates from 4 to 30 volts Non-linearity only ±¼°C typical

Why to Use LM35s to Measure Temperature ? : 

Why to Use LM35s to Measure Temperature ? You can measure temperature more accurately than a using a thermistor . The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc. The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may not require that the output voltage be amplified.

VIEW OF LM35: 

VIEW OF LM35

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The LM35 comes in many different packages, including the following. TO-92 plastic transistor-like package, TO-46 metal can transistor-like package 8-lead surface mount SO-8 small outline package

What Can You Expect When You Use An LM35 ?: 

What Can You Expect When You Use An LM35 ? You will need to use a voltmeter to sense Vout . The output voltage is converted to temperature by a simple conversion factor. The sensor has a sensitivity of 10mV/°C. Use a convertion factor that is the reciprocal that is 100V/°C.

PowerPoint Presentation: 

The equation used to convert output voltage to temperature is Temperature(°C)= Vout *(100°C/V) So if Vout is 1V, then , Temperature=100°C The output voltage varies linearly with temperature

How Do You Use An LM35?  (Electrical Connections): 

How Do You Use An LM35?  (Electrical Connections) LM35 WIRED CIRCUIT CONNECTION

PowerPoint Presentation: 

In this circuit, parameter values commonly used are: V c = 4 to 30v 5v or 12 v are typical values used. R a = V c /10 -6 Actually, it can range from 80 KW to 600 KW , but most just use 8 KW

SAMPLE PROGRAMS: 

SAMPLE PROGRAMS Example 1: org 00h // Starting Of The Program From 00h memory back: mov P1,#55h //Move 55h to Port1 acall delay // Call Delay Function mov P1,#0AAh //Move 55h to Port1 lcall delay // Call Delay Function sjmp back delay: mov r5,#30h again: djnz r5,again // Generating delay ret // Return Of Loop end // End Of Program

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Example2: #include<reg51.h> sbit SWITCH=P1^0; // Input to P1.0 sbit LED =P2^5; // Out to P2.5 void main() { while(1) //Infinite Loop { if (SWITCH==0) { LED=1; } else { LED=0; } } }

BIBILOGRAPHY: 

BIBILOGRAPHY WWW.MITEL.DATABOOK.COM WWW.ATMEL.DATABOOK.COM WWW.FRANKLIN.COM WWW.KEIL.COM

REFERENCES: 

REFERENCES 1. "The 8051 Microcontroller Architecture, Programming & Applications" By Kenneth J Ayala. 2. "The 8051 Microcontroller & Embedded Systems" by Mohammed Ali Mazidi and Janice Gillispie Mazidi 3. "Power Electronics” by M D Singh and K B Khanchandan 4. "Linear Integrated Circuits” by D Roy Choudary & Shail Jain 5. "Electrical Machines” by S K Bhattacharya 6. "Electrical Machines II” by B L Thereja 7. www.8051freeprojectsinfo.com

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Thank You