power house

PRESENTATION ON:

POWER HOUSE PRESENTATION ON Presented by: Kapil Dutt Sharma

What is a Power House???:

Power House is a building for the protection and housing of hydraulic, electrical and other necessary equipment of the power plant. Here conversion of energy of water to electrical energy takes place. What is a Power House???

How does Water actually flow inside a Power House??? :

How does Water actually flow inside a Power House???

Butterfly valve:

A butterfly valve is a type of flow control device, typically used to regulate a fluid flowing through a section of pipe. Butterfly valve

Spherical Valve:

Spherical Valve

Determining Location:

The factors affecting the location of a power house include: (1) Location of the spillway (when powerhouse is located adjacent to the dam). (2) Location of navigation locks (on navigation projects). (3) Foundation conditions. (4) Valley width. (5) Accessibility. (6) Location of switchyard and transmission lines. Determining Location

Types of a Power House:

A Power house may be an Integral part of the Dam or it may be a Separate Independent structure. Separate Power House may again be located at the toe of the dam itself or may be constructed away from the dam. Types of a Power House

Power Plant structure:

Superstructure Intermediate Structure Substructure Power Plant structure

Superstructure:

Structure lying above the Generator Floor. It houses operation related equipment & the auxiliary equipment. Also known as Generator Hall. Superstructure

Intermediate Structure:

Extends from Generator Floor down to top of Draft Tube. It houses turbines, casing, governor and gate valves. Also known as Turbine Floor. It has access through stairs or elevator. Intermediate Structure

Substructure:

Extends from Foundation to the Turbine Level. It includes water passages and galleries for mechanical & electrical equipment and services. Provision of Access Galleries to Draft Tube and Spiral Case. Substructure

Slide 20:

A Power House consists of four main areas: Machine Hall Erection Bay Service Areas Maintenance Workshops

Machine Hall:

Main component of the building and houses the Turbines and Generating Units. It is usually divided into bays or blocks, with one unit located in each block. Machine Hall

Dimensions of Machine Hall:

The length of the Machine Hall provides for the housing of all units with suitable spaces in between two units. The width of the room provides for a passage way with a minimum width of about 3m between the generator and the Power house Wall. The height of the Machine Hall is governed by the maximum clearance height required for moving principal parts of the turbine & generator, location of rails of overhead travelling crane, clearance requirement for crane, and type of the frame for room of the power house. Dimensions of Machine Hall

Erection Bay:

located at one end of the Machine Hall, preferably at the same floor elevation. Its length should equal at least one generator bay. In case the access railway line is brought into the erection bay, the length at the erection bay should be suitably increased. Erection Bay

Maintenance Workshops:

Service areas include offices, control and testing rooms, and other rooms for special uses. For plants located at the toes of gravity dams, the space available between the generator room and the face of the dam is a logical location for most of the features enumerated above. The offices are frequently located on upper floors, and the control room and other service rooms on lower floors. Maintenance Workshops

Slide 30:

A Power House can be Underground or on Surface.

Types of Surface Power House:

Indoor type: The generator room is fully enclosed and of sufficient height to permit transfer of equipment by means of an indoor crane. Semi-outdoor type: The generator room is fully enclosed but the main hoisting and transfer equipment is a gantry located on the roof of the plant and equipment is handled through hatches. Outdoor type: In this type there is no generator room and the generators are housed in individual cubicles or enclosures on, or recessed in, the deck. Types of Surface Power House

Surface Power House In Kol Dam:

Surface Power House In Kol Dam

Underground Power House:

Originated in Switzerland in 1897 but partly within rock. First fully underground station in Sweden in 1911. In India, first to come up was Manthon Power House in 1952-58 Other such Power houses in India are: Idukki Hydel Plant, Chibro Plant, Salal Hydel Project, Chamera Project, Tehri Dam etc. Underground Power House

Advantages of Underground P.H.:

Topography Economy Working Period Safety against earthquakes Strategic Aspect Operational Costs Simple Governing Conditions Aesthetic Operation and Maintenance Advantages of Underground P.H.

Disadvantages:

Expensive Excavation of Large size Cavities. Higher Construction Cost. Additional Cost due to Ventilation & AC arrangement . Higher Lighting Charges. In case of Long TRTs, D.S. Surge Tank may have to be provided. Disadvantages

Limitations:

A good sound rock formation is required. Stress analysis in rock is difficult. Extra provisions for approach, cables, lighting & ventilation increases the cost. Huge expenditure on rock supports and rock bolting. Limitations

Slide 37:

Rock Support is provided in the form of Rock Bolts Shotcrete Steel Ribs

Rock Bolting:

Rock Bolting

Safety Requirements during Construction:

Gasoline powered equipment is not permitted. Forced Ventilation System is provided. Wet Drilling is preferred to Dry Drilling. Adequate lighting system is provided in working areas as well as approaches. Periodic observation of CO after blasting so that CO content is less than 50 ppm . Sound pollution level within the limit of 85 dB. Control blasting technique is adopted. Level of O 2 , oxides of N and dust in air are kept within specified limits. Labourer & staff to wear safety helmet & gumboots. Proper communication facilities are provided at every portal of tunnel. Safety Requirements during Construction

Shotcrete:

Shotcrete

Steel Ribs:

Steel Ribs

Some Fun Facts....:

The first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectricity was Cragside House, in Northumberland, England, in 1878 . The first commercial hydroelectric power plant was built in Appleton on the Fox River in 1882. The plant produced 12.5 kilowatts of power, which is not very much by today's standards. But, it was enough to power all of the machinery in two paper mills. Nowadays there are many hydro-electric power stations, providing around 20% of the world's electricity.. Some Fun Facts....

Slide 59:

The Beginning... Thank You

Itaipu: World’s largest Power Station:

Located at the Brazilian-Paraguaian border. The construction work started in 1975, reaching its peak in 1978 with 30 000 people at work. The height of the dam is 196 m, its length 7.76 km. The lake created by this is 170 km long and contains 29 billion tons of water. Unit 1 started to operate in December 1983. In March 1991 the last unit (No.18) was put into operation. The water intake of one single 715 MW Francis-turbine is 700 m³/s, its weighted efficiency is 93.8%. Each year ITAIPU generates 75 TWh of electricity and avoids 67.5 million tons of carbondioxide emissions - compared to coal power plants. Itaipu : World’s largest Power Station

Total view of the ITAIPU power plant:

Total view of the ITAIPU power plant

At the bottom of the 196 m tall dam The white tubes are containing the inlets for the 18 tubines (715 MW each).:

At the bottom of the 196 m tall dam The white tubes are containing the inlets for the 18 tubines (715 MW each).

The control center of the 18 generators Left half of it (in Brazil) controls the 60 Hz units, right half  (in Paraguay) controls the 50 Hz units.:

The control center of the 18 generators Left half of it (in Brazil) controls the 60 Hz units, right half  (in Paraguay) controls the 50 Hz units.

Inside the ITAIPU Powerhouse Dimensions: length: 986 m, maximum height: 112 m and width: 99m. The red line on the floor indicates the border of Brazil and Paraguay.:

Inside the ITAIPU Powerhouse Dimensions: length: 986 m, maximum height: 112 m and width: 99m. The red line on the floor indicates the border of Brazil and Paraguay.

One 715 MW electrical generator The diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass is 2 650 t:

One 715 MW electrical generator The diameter of the rotor is almost 16 m, the rotating mass is 2 650 t

Switchyard:

Switchyard