Controlling and the Control Process :
Controlling and the Control Process Controlling
The process of monitoring and evaluating organizational effectiveness and the initiation of corrective actions needed to maintain or improve effectiveness.
A control model
Establish standards.
Monitor ongoing organizational behavior and results.
Compare actual behavior and results against standards.
Evaluate and take action.
Need for Control :
Need for Control
The Traditional Control Model :
The Traditional Control Model
Variations in Control Systems :
Variations in Control Systems Cybernetic control
Self-regulating control procedures that automatically detect and correct deviations from planned activities and effectiveness levels.
Noncybernetic
Control systems that operate independently from the work system that is being monitored; a monitoring system that is external to the target of control.
Variations in Control Systems :
Variations in Control Systems Time perspectives
Hybrid control system—a control system that exercises control prior to, during, and after the performance of a work activity.
Precontrols—controls designed to prevent deviation from a desired plan of action before work actually begins.
Concurrent controls—controls intended to prevent deviation from a planned course of action while work is in progress.
Postaction controls—controls employed after a product or service is completed.
Characteristics of Effective Control Systems :
Characteristics of Effective Control Systems A good control system:
Follows the prescriptions in the control model and addresses each organizational target.
Uses the hybrid approach to monitor and correct activities at all points in the organization’s operations.
Makes information readily available and accessible.
Focuses on issues of importance to the organization; controls are used only where necessary.
Has features that enhance the practicality of its use by the organization.
The Impact of Control on Organizational Members :
The Impact of Control on Organizational Members Positive effects
Clarifies expectations
Reduces ambiguity
Provides feedback
Facilitates goal setting
Enhance satisfaction
Enhances performance Negative effects
Consumes resources
Creates feeling of frustration and helplessness
Creates “red tape”
Creates inappropriate goals
Fosters inappropriate behavior
Decreases satisfaction
Increases turnover
Creates stress