Madhuca indica

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Madhuca indica :

Madhuca indica N.KANAGARAJ BSF-06-007 BSC [FORESTRY

Slide 2:

Madhuca latifolia/Bassia longifolia Family –Sapotaceae. Trade names; English –Mahua,Butter tree Hindi –Mahua,Mawa Tamil –Elupa,illupai.

Geographical distribution :

Geographical distribution Punjab ,Uttar Pradesh,Bihar,West Bengal,Maharashtra,Madhya Pradesh, Andra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Major forest types: Dry mixed deciduous forests,dry sal forests, and dry teak forests

Habit :

Habit Strong light demander and readily suppressed under shade. Drought resistant. Less frost hardy and suffers in severe frost

Habitat :

Habitat Climate: Maximum shade temperature-28.5°C to 48.3°C, Minimum temperature-1.7 to 11.7°C Annual rainfall-750 to 2000 mm or more

Slide 6:

Soils and topography : - Thrives best on sandy soils. - Also grows on rocky ground,trap,stiff clays and even in kankar soils and water logged or low lying clayey soils Altitude : In sub Himalayan tract-up to 900m In Deccan-300-1200m

Phenology :

Phenology Medium to large deciduous tree Height :12-18 m Girth : 2.4 m Bark :grey or blackish with vertical cracks Leaves are clustered at ends of branches, elliptic Flowers are small, cream colored and produced in clusters

Slide 8:

Fruit is a green egg-shaped fleshy berry containing 1-4 brown polished seeds

Slide 9:

Flowering season-March to May Pollination – Anemophillic Good seed years are expected once or twice in every three years but the seed setting rate is very low

Artificial Regeneration :

Artificial Regeneration Direct sowing Planting through nursery raised seedlings Stump planting

Direct sowing :

Direct sowing Fresh seeds are sown during June to July in well prepared lines 4-5 m apart The soil is covered with fine earth or debris to prevent fungal attack Seed germinates in 10 days and watering is necessary. It can be grown along with agri crops like pulses

Slide 12:

Tending operation: The place around the seedling is kept clean by regular cleaning and weeding Cultural operation: soil is kept well-worked and loose for the first two years Fencing is necessary to prevent browsing by cattle

Nursery Technique :

Nursery Technique Seed rate:450 seeds/kg Seedlings are raised in deep containers like polybags,earthern pots etc, as the seedlings have very delicate tap root and difficult to transplant One year old seedlings are used for planting out Germination percent- 60-80% Plant percentage- 45-50%

Planting techniques :

Planting techniques Before planting tall weeds or bushes likely to shade the plants are cut. Spacing: varies from 3m x 3m to 8m x 8m. The prescribed soil depth is 30 to 60 cm only.

Slide 15:

Stump planting; - stumps are prepared from one year old nursery seedlings. -they are planted in pits or crow-bar holes

Rate Of Growth :

Rate Of Growth The growth rate is very low Nursery plants raised under favorable conditions reached a height of only 0.6 to 0.9 m after 3 years Ordinarily the tree takes 300 to 350 years to reach a girth of 2.4m

Uses :

Uses Timber : -It is highly durable and lasts well under water. -The weight at 12% moisture content 929kg/m3 -It has a variety of uses such as building bridges, ships, Sports goods, furniture, and agricultural implements

Slide 18:

Fuelwood : It is a very good fuel wood with a calorific value of 4890-4978 k cal Flowers are rich source of sugars,vitamins,calcium and essential oil hence edible and used as fodder Fruits produce essential oil -one tonne of dry rind yield 0.29 gallons of 67.9% alcohol