logging in or signing up OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM final kamalsrathore Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1031 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: April 13, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description Formulation and Evaluation of Ocular drug delivery system for the drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma by-Dr.Kamal Singh Rathore, Dr.R.K.Nema, Dr.S.S.Sisodia BN College of Pharmacy, Udaipur Comments Posting comment... By: hemalathaurz (9 month(s) ago) kindly send me this presentation piz....my mailid is hemalathaurz@gmail.com plz send me sir..its really very nice sir... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bajia8 (10 month(s) ago) Respected Sir. ur ppt is excelent with all the complete information....Good presentation Sir... Can I have a copy , please sir.. @ bajia8@gmail.com. Thanking you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: anandptl (10 month(s) ago) Respected Sir. ur ppt is excelent with all the complete information....Good presentation Sir... Can I have a copy , please sir.. @ victory.anandptl@gmail.com. Thanking you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: wanachat (11 month(s) ago) Hi, It's good PPT. Send me on wanachat.c@gmail.com, plzzzzz? Thank you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mamta.singh (12 month(s) ago) hello sir, it is a very good presentation. plz send me this presentation on mamta.singh2781@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA : FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA BY KAMAL SINGH RATHORE Under the supervision of Dr. R. K. Nema, Professor Dr. S. S. Sisodia, Professor B.N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, MLSU, UDAIPUR 2010 April9, 2011 Structure of eyeEye is unique and remarkable organ, very complex in structure, highly impervious to foreign substances : Structure of eyeEye is unique and remarkable organ, very complex in structure, highly impervious to foreign substances April 13, 2011 2 Slide 3: Characteristics of ophthalmic preparations non-irritating to the ocular tissue. homogenous i.e, particles uniformly dispersed, smooth and free from lumps or agglomerates. Relatively non-greasy. Should not cause blurred vision. Should not cause intolerable foreign body sensation. Sterile and adequately preserved. Physically and chemically stable. Efficacious. April 13, 2011 3 The ophthalmic preparations are available as- -sterile, -buffered, -isotonic solution. Several types of conventional dosage forms are applied as the delivery system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed dosage forms are: - the eye drop solution and suspensions, - gelled systems, - ointment are also used for prolonged therapeutic action.But these are primordial and inefficient hence novel approaches in ocular drug delivery is in focus : The ophthalmic preparations are available as- -sterile, -buffered, -isotonic solution. Several types of conventional dosage forms are applied as the delivery system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed dosage forms are: - the eye drop solution and suspensions, - gelled systems, - ointment are also used for prolonged therapeutic action.But these are primordial and inefficient hence novel approaches in ocular drug delivery is in focus April 13, 2011 4 Slide 5: Glaucoma A group of diseases with- *characteristic optic nerve damage. *visual field loss. *elevated IOP (>22mmHg) ; variable in early stage often asymptomatic (Insidious in nature);.Damage is irreversible. Effective treatment is available. Glaucoma is sometimes called the silent thief of sight because it can slowly steal our sight before we realize anything's wrong. It's a leading cause of vision loss. April 13, 2011 5 Slide 6: April 13, 2011 6 In situ forming gels Advantages of In situ forming gel Generally more comfortable than insoluble or soluble inserts. Less blurred vision as compared to ointment. Increased bio-availability due to increased precorneal residence time. Decreased nasolacrimal drainage of drug. Chances of undesirable side effects arising due to systemic absorption of drug through nasolacrimal duct are reduced. Drug affect is prolonged hence frequent instillation of drug is not required in glaucoma and other ailments. Slide 7: April 13, 2011 7 Advantages with ocular films Accurate dosing Capacity to provide at constant rate and prolong drug release thus a better efficacy. Increasing contact time and thus improving bioavailability. Possible reduction of systemic absorption and thus reduced systemic adverse effects. Ocular films Slide 8: Plan of work Timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate-as experimental drugs pH-triggered method for in-situ gelling and solvent casting technology used for ocular films formulations Hypromellose, PAA, PVA as polymers. PEG and Glycerine used as plasticizers. Gluteraldehyde for hardened effect. The main purpose of the study was to transport the drug by zero-order kinetics April 13, 2011 8 Slide 9: Timolol maleate β- adrenergic blocker which is non-selective between beta-1 and beta-2 (β-1 and β-2) adrenergic receptors reduces IOP by reducing aqueous humor production or possibly outflow April 13, 2011 9 Slide 10: Brimonidine tartrate α2-adrenergic receptor agonist Reduces IOP by decreasing synthesis of aqueous humor and increasing the amount that drains from eye April 13, 2011 10 Slide 11: Polymers Poly acrylic acid Hypromellose April 13, 2011 11 Polyvinyl alcohol Slide 12: April 13, 2011 12 Drug free in situ formulation comprising of PAA and hypromellose in different combinations Slide 13: April 13, 2011 13 Ingredients of the developed in situ gel formulations Slide 14: April 13, 2011 14 Preparation of ocular films with timolol maleate Slide 15: April 13, 2011 15 Preparation of ocular films with brimonidine tartrate Slide 16: April 13, 2011 16 Selection of vehicle Composition of Simulated Tear Fluid (Rozier et al., 1989) Composition of PBS pH 7.4 Calibration curve of timolol maleate : Calibration curve of timolol maleate April 13, 2011 17 Calibration curve of brimonidine tartrate : Calibration curve of brimonidine tartrate April 13, 2011 18 Slide 19: April 13, 2011 19 Evaluations for in-situ gel of TM and BT as: *Rheological studies I. Effect of varying concentration of polymers on gel rheology II. Effect of temperature cycle on gel rheology Freeze-thaw cycle Temperature Cycling III. Effect of sterilization cycle on gel rheology *Content uniformity*In vitro release and kinetic studies *In vivo studies Ocular irritation studies IOP studies *Isotonicity study*Accelerated stability studies Evaluations of ocular films of TM and BT as:*Film thickness*Content uniformity*Uniformity of weight *Percentage moisture absorption *Percentage moisture loss*Tensile strength*in vitro drug release *in vivo drug release *Accelerated stability studies.*Compatibility study. : Evaluations of ocular films of TM and BT as:*Film thickness*Content uniformity*Uniformity of weight *Percentage moisture absorption *Percentage moisture loss*Tensile strength*in vitro drug release *in vivo drug release *Accelerated stability studies.*Compatibility study. April 13, 2011 20 Slide 21: April 13, 2011 21 Gelling capacity Combination of polyacrylic acid and hypromellose *-: no gelation; +: gels after a few minutes, dissolves rapidly; ++: gelation immediate, remains for few hours; +++: gelation immediate, remains for extended period; s: gelation immediate, remains for extended period but gels are stiff. Slide 22: April 13, 2011 22 Rheological profile of polymer solution containing 1% hypromellose and varying concentration of polyacrylic acid (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) Slide 23: April 13, 2011 23 Effect of high shearing force on rheology Effect of sterilization cycle on gel rheology Effect of temperature cycle on gel rheology : April 13, 2011 24 In vitro transcorneal permeation data of timolol maleate solution and in situ gel In vitro transcorneal permeation data of brimonidine tartrate solution and in situ gel Slide 25: April 13, 2011 25 Effect of PAA concentrations (0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) on in vitro permeation of timolol maleate Slide 26: April 13, 2011 26 In vitro release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate First- order release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Higuchi plot of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Korsemeyer data curves of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Slide 27: April 13, 2011 27 In vitro release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate First-order release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Higuchi plot of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Korsemeyer data curves of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Slide 28: April 13, 2011 28 Isotonicity study Blood cells with Plain polymers, Formulation 12.1, (c) Formulation 12.2 Fit of various kinetic models for in situ gelling systems Slide 29: April 13, 2011 29 Stability study Accelerated stability study of TM solution Degradation rate constant and shelf life of TM solution Accelerated stability study of BT solution Degradation rate constant and shelf life of BT solution Slide 30: April 13, 2011 30 Sterility Test and IOP Study Sterility observation in Alternative Fluid Thioglycolate Medium (AFTM) (-): absence of microbial growth; (+): Presence of microbial growth Slide 31: April 13, 2011 31 Sterility observation in Soybean Casein Digest Medium (SCDM) (-): absence of microbial growth; (+): Presence of microbial growth Slide 32: April 13, 2011 32 Physicochemical observation at different temperature Slide 33: April 13, 2011 33 Eye irritation testing: rabbit corneal observations for corneal opacity and area of cornea involved after applying in situ gel formulations Slide 34: April 13, 2011 34 Rabbit conjunctiva observation Rabbit iris observation Intraocular pressure study : Intraocular pressure study April 13, 2011 35 Change in IOP comparative to market vs. formulated in situ gel of timolol maleate Change in IOP comparative to market vs. formulated in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate Slide 36: April 13, 2011 36 Evaluations of Ocular Films Evaluations of timolol maleate ocular films Thickness of all unhardened ocular films containing 16, 17 and 18% gelatine with 70, 50 and 40% glycerine Slide 37: April 13, 2011 37 Weights of unhardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Drug content of all ocular films Water absorption study of all ocular films Slide 38: April 13, 2011 38 Thickness of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Weight of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Drug content of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Physical parameters of gelatine films (hardened) Slide 39: April 13, 2011 39 Kinetics and release profile In vitro diffusion of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 40: April 13, 2011 40 In vitro diffusion of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using 3 different conc. of glycerine (70, 50, 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 41: April 13, 2011 41 In vitro diffusion of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 42: April 13, 2011 42 Diffusion of timolol maleate from different batches of gelatine films Results of Analysis of Variance The kinetic values for First- order rate diffusion Slide 43: April 13, 2011 43 In vitro diffusion of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Higuchi square-root plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer First-order release plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Peppas double log plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Slide 44: April 13, 2011 44 In vitro diffusion of TM from 20 %w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Higuchi square-root plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer First-order release plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Peppas double log plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Slide 45: April 13, 2011 45 HPLC study Concentration of timolol maleate in aqueous humour of inflamed rabbit eye at different time intervals Compatibility study : Compatibility study April 13, 2011 46 FTIR spectra of- a) Pure timolol maleate; b) Non cross-linked film (20% gelatine); c) Cross- linked film (20% gelatine with 1h cross-linking) Compatibility study DSC of- a) Pure timolol maleate; b) Non cross-linked film (20% gelatine); c) Cross- linked film (20% gelatine with 1h cross-linking) Slide 47: April 13, 2011 47 Evaluations of brimonidine tartrate ocular films Mean weight per cm2 of brimonidine tartrate film Mean thickness of brimonidine tartrate film Mean folding endurance of brimonidine tartrate film Mean tensile strength of brimonidine tartrate film Slide 48: April 13, 2011 48 Mean % elongation of brimonidine tartrate film Mean surface pH of brimonidine tartrate film Mean% moisture absorption of brimonidine tartrate film Mean% moisture loss of brimonidine tartrate film Slide 49: April 13, 2011 49 Mean in vitro residence time of BT film Release kinetics analysis, correlation coefficient (ocular films) Slide 50: April 13, 2011 50 Histological studies on ocular films Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) before diffusion Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) after diffusion Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) after diffusion (ocular film) Slide 51: April 13, 2011 51 Compatibility study Slide 52: April 13, 2011 52 Excipients compatibility study Slide 53: April 13, 2011 53 Eye irritation study and IOP measurement Ocular Irritation Study (HET-CAM) Scores obtained in HET-CAM Test Ocular film in the rabbit eye for in-vivo drug release studies Slide 54: April 13, 2011 54 Eye irritation testing: rabbit corneal observations for corneal opacity and area of cornea involved after applying in situ gel formulations Slide 55: April 13, 2011 55 IOP measurement in normotensive rabbits Slide 56: April 13, 2011 56 Betamethasone injected rabbits (increase in IOP) measure (in mmHg) Slide 57: April 13, 2011 57 Graph showing change in IOP (mmHg) with TM Graph showing change in IOP (mmHg) with BT Slide 58: April 13, 2011 58 In vitro- in vivo correlation for the diffusion of T M from hardened ocular film (15min) containing 18% gelatine and 70% glycerine In vitro- in vivo correlation for the diffusion of T M from hardened ocular film (15min) containing 20% gelatine and 70% glycerine In vitro In vivo correlation Slide 59: April 13, 2011 59 Ageing study observations of timolol maleate film Slide 60: April 13, 2011 60 Ageing study observations of brimonidien tartrate film Slide 61: April 13, 2011 61 Stability study of timolol maleate ocular film containing Stability study of timolol maleate unhardened ocular film Stability study of hardened ocular film of timolol maleate Stability study of hardened ocular film timolol maleate Slide 62: April 13, 2011 62 Stability study Stability study of BF8 Summary and Conclusion : Summary and Conclusion April 13, 2011 63 Conclusions In this research work an attempt is made to formulate in situ gelling system and the ocular films of drug with an aim to prolong the release of drug by biodegradable polymer gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and hypromellose etc. The aqueous polyacrylic acid solution containing a viscolyzer hypromellose can be used as in situ gelling ocular drug delivery system. The rheological characterization and in vitro drug release profiles demonstrate that polyacrylic acid -hypromellose solution have suitable properties for use as in situ gelling drug delivery system. Changes in the concentration of the polymers affect the rheological behavior and release profiles of incorporated drug from the gels. This offers flexibility in design of in situ gel forming system with desirable rheological properties and drug release rate. The ability to withstand sterilization temperature, high shear force on passing through syringe, temperature cycling and stability studies further advocate the use of system as ocular drug delivery system. Slide 64: April 13, 2011 64 The long residence time of gel formed in situ along with its ability to release drug in a sustained manner will assist in enhancing ocular bioavailability. The in situ gel forming system will have good patient acceptance because it is easy to instill into the eye and gradually erodes by dissolution of the gel, obviating the need for removal. The ocular films were formulated by varying the drug: polymer ratios and plasticizer concentration and then evaluated. The physicochemical features of the formulations were evaluated and found to be uniform. The drug content of the ocular films varied between 60.68-94.52%. The in vivo release studies were carried out for the formulations to study the effect of different drug to polymer ratio on the release profile. It was found that increase in polymer concentration retards the release of drug from the ocular film indicating that the drug is bound firmly in the polymeric matrix. Five formulations were selected for further evaluation studies based on, their extended duration of release and also the percentage of drug release. The selected formulations passed the test for sterility indicating that the ocular films were sterilized by UV radiations for one hour. The absence of secondary spots on developing TLC confirmed that the drug did not degrade on irradiation treatment. The ocular films were found to be physically and chemically stable even after sterilization. Slide 65: April 13, 2011 65 SCOPE FOR THE FUTURE STUDIES The work can be carried out to formulate the system for once a weak or month therapy releasing the drug in a preprogrammed manner thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and thus improved the patient compliance. The future investigation can be carried out to improve the solubility of selected NSAID’s in various solvents for ocular use. The different Novel Technology (Nanosuspension, liposomes, dendrimers, quantom dots, niosomes etc.) can be adopted in the formulation for ocular films and thereby study their effect on release pattern. In vitro and In vivo correlation i.e., r = 0.996 and 0.997, Substantiates better linearity, strong reproducibility and reliability of in vitro method of choice in present study. The selected formulations in each polymeric group were subjected to stability studies at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C. Then they were evaluated for drug content. Physical appearance and drug-formulation ingredient interaction. They exhibited ideal sterility and stable aging profiles at the stored temperature. On the basis of these studies, it was inferred that the ocular film and in situ therapeutic system holds a good promise for controlled drug delivery to the eye. Selection of a suitable polymer with good film forming properties, drug compatibility and stability is a prerequisite for successful formulation and development of an ocular film. This system has promise in widening the horizons of ocular drug delivery in future. Slide 66: April 13, 2011 66 PAPER PUBLISHED AND PRESENTED Volume 3, Issue 1, July – August 2010; Article 005 ISSN 0976 – 044X International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Page 23 Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net TIMOLOL MALEATE A GOLD STANDARD DRUG IN GLAUCOMA USED AS OCULAR FILMS AND INSERTS: AN OVERVIEW *Kamal Singh Rathore1, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Nema2, Dr. Sidhraj Singh Sisodia3 1B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur- Rajasthan, India 2Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Indore-MP, India 3B.N.College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Rajasthan, India. Slide 67: April 13, 2011 67 Slide 68: April 13, 2011 68 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.2, No.3, pp 1995-2000, July-Sept 2010 Preparation and Characterization of Timolol Maleate Ocular Films *Kamal Singh Rathore1, Dr. R. K. Nema2, Dr. S. S. Sisodia3 1B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Raj.313002,India 2Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Indore-MP,India 3B. N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Raj.313002,India *Corres.author: kamalsrathore@gmail.com Mobile: 09828325713 Abstract: The aim of the present work is to formulate suitable ocular films of timolol maleate for the treatment of Slide 69: April 13, 2011 69 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN( USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.1, No.3, pp 863-869, July-Sept 2009 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA: AN OVERVIEW *1K.S.RATHORE, 2R.K.NEMA 1B.N.Girls’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipr-Raj.,India. Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Revati, Sanwar road,Indore-453331, India. *Email : kamalsrathore@yahoo.com; mobile: 09828325713 ABSTRACT: The eye is considered one of the greatest gifts of God. History of diseases is as old as the civilization International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 2, Suppl 4, 2010 Review Article INSITU GELLING OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW *K.S. RATHORE, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Nema, Dr. Sidhraj Singh Sisodia Reader in Pharmaceutics, B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur Raj. 313002 Email: kamalsrathore@gmail.com; kamalsrathore@yahoo.com Received: 29 July2010, Revised and Accepted: 30 August 2010 Slide 70: April 13, 2011 70 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN( USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.1, No.2, pp 164-169, April-June 2009 Review on Ocular Inserts *Rathore K. S. 1, Nema R. K. 2 1B.N.Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur,India. 2S.D.College of Pharmacy, Muzaffarnagar-UP,India. E-mail: kamalsrathore@yahoo.com Abstract: The conventional dosage forms are account for 90% of currently accessible ophthalmic formulations. The major problem encountered is rapid precornel drug loss. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there are significant efforts directed towards newer drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. Newer research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems is Paper presented in IPC, APTI, National and International conferences at Jaipur, Jodhpur, Varanasi, Goa, Ahmedabad Won prizes at Jaipur, Jodhpur and Goa Two Book Chapters Eye cosmetics inTextbook of Cosmetics by Nema, Rathore from CBS Publications, Delhi 2. Ocular drug delivery system in Comprehensive Pharmaceutics, CBS Publications, Delhi Slide 71: THANK YOU April 13, 2011 71 You do not have the permission to view this presentation. In order to view it, please contact the author of the presentation.
OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM final kamalsrathore Download Post to : URL : Related Presentations : Share Add to Flag Embed Email Send to Blogs and Networks Add to Channel Uploaded from authorPOINT lite Insert YouTube videos in PowerPont slides with aS Desktop Copy embed code: (To copy code, click on the text box) Embed: URL: Thumbnail: WordPress Embed Customize Embed The presentation is successfully added In Your Favorites. Views: 1031 Category: Science & Tech.. License: All Rights Reserved Like it (2) Dislike it (0) Added: April 13, 2011 This Presentation is Public Favorites: 0 Presentation Description Formulation and Evaluation of Ocular drug delivery system for the drugs used in the treatment of glaucoma by-Dr.Kamal Singh Rathore, Dr.R.K.Nema, Dr.S.S.Sisodia BN College of Pharmacy, Udaipur Comments Posting comment... By: hemalathaurz (9 month(s) ago) kindly send me this presentation piz....my mailid is hemalathaurz@gmail.com plz send me sir..its really very nice sir... Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: bajia8 (10 month(s) ago) Respected Sir. ur ppt is excelent with all the complete information....Good presentation Sir... Can I have a copy , please sir.. @ bajia8@gmail.com. Thanking you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: anandptl (10 month(s) ago) Respected Sir. ur ppt is excelent with all the complete information....Good presentation Sir... Can I have a copy , please sir.. @ victory.anandptl@gmail.com. Thanking you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: wanachat (11 month(s) ago) Hi, It's good PPT. Send me on wanachat.c@gmail.com, plzzzzz? Thank you. Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close By: mamta.singh (12 month(s) ago) hello sir, it is a very good presentation. plz send me this presentation on mamta.singh2781@gmail.com Saving..... Post Reply Close Saving..... Edit Comment Close loading.... See all Premium member Presentation Transcript FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA : FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF GLAUCOMA BY KAMAL SINGH RATHORE Under the supervision of Dr. R. K. Nema, Professor Dr. S. S. Sisodia, Professor B.N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, MLSU, UDAIPUR 2010 April9, 2011 Structure of eyeEye is unique and remarkable organ, very complex in structure, highly impervious to foreign substances : Structure of eyeEye is unique and remarkable organ, very complex in structure, highly impervious to foreign substances April 13, 2011 2 Slide 3: Characteristics of ophthalmic preparations non-irritating to the ocular tissue. homogenous i.e, particles uniformly dispersed, smooth and free from lumps or agglomerates. Relatively non-greasy. Should not cause blurred vision. Should not cause intolerable foreign body sensation. Sterile and adequately preserved. Physically and chemically stable. Efficacious. April 13, 2011 3 The ophthalmic preparations are available as- -sterile, -buffered, -isotonic solution. Several types of conventional dosage forms are applied as the delivery system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed dosage forms are: - the eye drop solution and suspensions, - gelled systems, - ointment are also used for prolonged therapeutic action.But these are primordial and inefficient hence novel approaches in ocular drug delivery is in focus : The ophthalmic preparations are available as- -sterile, -buffered, -isotonic solution. Several types of conventional dosage forms are applied as the delivery system for the ocular delivery of drugs. The most prescribed dosage forms are: - the eye drop solution and suspensions, - gelled systems, - ointment are also used for prolonged therapeutic action.But these are primordial and inefficient hence novel approaches in ocular drug delivery is in focus April 13, 2011 4 Slide 5: Glaucoma A group of diseases with- *characteristic optic nerve damage. *visual field loss. *elevated IOP (>22mmHg) ; variable in early stage often asymptomatic (Insidious in nature);.Damage is irreversible. Effective treatment is available. Glaucoma is sometimes called the silent thief of sight because it can slowly steal our sight before we realize anything's wrong. It's a leading cause of vision loss. April 13, 2011 5 Slide 6: April 13, 2011 6 In situ forming gels Advantages of In situ forming gel Generally more comfortable than insoluble or soluble inserts. Less blurred vision as compared to ointment. Increased bio-availability due to increased precorneal residence time. Decreased nasolacrimal drainage of drug. Chances of undesirable side effects arising due to systemic absorption of drug through nasolacrimal duct are reduced. Drug affect is prolonged hence frequent instillation of drug is not required in glaucoma and other ailments. Slide 7: April 13, 2011 7 Advantages with ocular films Accurate dosing Capacity to provide at constant rate and prolong drug release thus a better efficacy. Increasing contact time and thus improving bioavailability. Possible reduction of systemic absorption and thus reduced systemic adverse effects. Ocular films Slide 8: Plan of work Timolol maleate and brimonidine tartrate-as experimental drugs pH-triggered method for in-situ gelling and solvent casting technology used for ocular films formulations Hypromellose, PAA, PVA as polymers. PEG and Glycerine used as plasticizers. Gluteraldehyde for hardened effect. The main purpose of the study was to transport the drug by zero-order kinetics April 13, 2011 8 Slide 9: Timolol maleate β- adrenergic blocker which is non-selective between beta-1 and beta-2 (β-1 and β-2) adrenergic receptors reduces IOP by reducing aqueous humor production or possibly outflow April 13, 2011 9 Slide 10: Brimonidine tartrate α2-adrenergic receptor agonist Reduces IOP by decreasing synthesis of aqueous humor and increasing the amount that drains from eye April 13, 2011 10 Slide 11: Polymers Poly acrylic acid Hypromellose April 13, 2011 11 Polyvinyl alcohol Slide 12: April 13, 2011 12 Drug free in situ formulation comprising of PAA and hypromellose in different combinations Slide 13: April 13, 2011 13 Ingredients of the developed in situ gel formulations Slide 14: April 13, 2011 14 Preparation of ocular films with timolol maleate Slide 15: April 13, 2011 15 Preparation of ocular films with brimonidine tartrate Slide 16: April 13, 2011 16 Selection of vehicle Composition of Simulated Tear Fluid (Rozier et al., 1989) Composition of PBS pH 7.4 Calibration curve of timolol maleate : Calibration curve of timolol maleate April 13, 2011 17 Calibration curve of brimonidine tartrate : Calibration curve of brimonidine tartrate April 13, 2011 18 Slide 19: April 13, 2011 19 Evaluations for in-situ gel of TM and BT as: *Rheological studies I. Effect of varying concentration of polymers on gel rheology II. Effect of temperature cycle on gel rheology Freeze-thaw cycle Temperature Cycling III. Effect of sterilization cycle on gel rheology *Content uniformity*In vitro release and kinetic studies *In vivo studies Ocular irritation studies IOP studies *Isotonicity study*Accelerated stability studies Evaluations of ocular films of TM and BT as:*Film thickness*Content uniformity*Uniformity of weight *Percentage moisture absorption *Percentage moisture loss*Tensile strength*in vitro drug release *in vivo drug release *Accelerated stability studies.*Compatibility study. : Evaluations of ocular films of TM and BT as:*Film thickness*Content uniformity*Uniformity of weight *Percentage moisture absorption *Percentage moisture loss*Tensile strength*in vitro drug release *in vivo drug release *Accelerated stability studies.*Compatibility study. April 13, 2011 20 Slide 21: April 13, 2011 21 Gelling capacity Combination of polyacrylic acid and hypromellose *-: no gelation; +: gels after a few minutes, dissolves rapidly; ++: gelation immediate, remains for few hours; +++: gelation immediate, remains for extended period; s: gelation immediate, remains for extended period but gels are stiff. Slide 22: April 13, 2011 22 Rheological profile of polymer solution containing 1% hypromellose and varying concentration of polyacrylic acid (0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) Slide 23: April 13, 2011 23 Effect of high shearing force on rheology Effect of sterilization cycle on gel rheology Effect of temperature cycle on gel rheology : April 13, 2011 24 In vitro transcorneal permeation data of timolol maleate solution and in situ gel In vitro transcorneal permeation data of brimonidine tartrate solution and in situ gel Slide 25: April 13, 2011 25 Effect of PAA concentrations (0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%) on in vitro permeation of timolol maleate Slide 26: April 13, 2011 26 In vitro release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate First- order release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Higuchi plot of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Korsemeyer data curves of formulation and marketed preparation of timolol maleate Slide 27: April 13, 2011 27 In vitro release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate First-order release profile of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Higuchi plot of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Korsemeyer data curves of formulation and marketed preparation of brimonidine tartrate Slide 28: April 13, 2011 28 Isotonicity study Blood cells with Plain polymers, Formulation 12.1, (c) Formulation 12.2 Fit of various kinetic models for in situ gelling systems Slide 29: April 13, 2011 29 Stability study Accelerated stability study of TM solution Degradation rate constant and shelf life of TM solution Accelerated stability study of BT solution Degradation rate constant and shelf life of BT solution Slide 30: April 13, 2011 30 Sterility Test and IOP Study Sterility observation in Alternative Fluid Thioglycolate Medium (AFTM) (-): absence of microbial growth; (+): Presence of microbial growth Slide 31: April 13, 2011 31 Sterility observation in Soybean Casein Digest Medium (SCDM) (-): absence of microbial growth; (+): Presence of microbial growth Slide 32: April 13, 2011 32 Physicochemical observation at different temperature Slide 33: April 13, 2011 33 Eye irritation testing: rabbit corneal observations for corneal opacity and area of cornea involved after applying in situ gel formulations Slide 34: April 13, 2011 34 Rabbit conjunctiva observation Rabbit iris observation Intraocular pressure study : Intraocular pressure study April 13, 2011 35 Change in IOP comparative to market vs. formulated in situ gel of timolol maleate Change in IOP comparative to market vs. formulated in situ gel of brimonidine tartrate Slide 36: April 13, 2011 36 Evaluations of Ocular Films Evaluations of timolol maleate ocular films Thickness of all unhardened ocular films containing 16, 17 and 18% gelatine with 70, 50 and 40% glycerine Slide 37: April 13, 2011 37 Weights of unhardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Drug content of all ocular films Water absorption study of all ocular films Slide 38: April 13, 2011 38 Thickness of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Weight of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Drug content of hardened ocular films with different concentration of gelatine and glycerine Physical parameters of gelatine films (hardened) Slide 39: April 13, 2011 39 Kinetics and release profile In vitro diffusion of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 16% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 40: April 13, 2011 40 In vitro diffusion of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using 3 different conc. of glycerine (70, 50, 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 18% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 41: April 13, 2011 41 In vitro diffusion of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Higuchi square-root of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Peppas double-log plots of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer First-order rate diffusion plots of TM from 20% w/v gelatine ocular film (unhardened) in pH 7.4 buffer, prepared using glycerine (70%, 50% and 40%) as plasticizer Slide 42: April 13, 2011 42 Diffusion of timolol maleate from different batches of gelatine films Results of Analysis of Variance The kinetic values for First- order rate diffusion Slide 43: April 13, 2011 43 In vitro diffusion of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Higuchi square-root plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer First-order release plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Peppas double log plots of TM from 18%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Slide 44: April 13, 2011 44 In vitro diffusion of TM from 20 %w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times (15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Higuchi square-root plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer First-order release plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Peppas double log plots of TM from 20%w/v gelatine ocular film hardened with gluteraldehyde at different times(15, 30, 45 and 60 min) in pH7.4 PB using 70% glycerine as plasticizer Slide 45: April 13, 2011 45 HPLC study Concentration of timolol maleate in aqueous humour of inflamed rabbit eye at different time intervals Compatibility study : Compatibility study April 13, 2011 46 FTIR spectra of- a) Pure timolol maleate; b) Non cross-linked film (20% gelatine); c) Cross- linked film (20% gelatine with 1h cross-linking) Compatibility study DSC of- a) Pure timolol maleate; b) Non cross-linked film (20% gelatine); c) Cross- linked film (20% gelatine with 1h cross-linking) Slide 47: April 13, 2011 47 Evaluations of brimonidine tartrate ocular films Mean weight per cm2 of brimonidine tartrate film Mean thickness of brimonidine tartrate film Mean folding endurance of brimonidine tartrate film Mean tensile strength of brimonidine tartrate film Slide 48: April 13, 2011 48 Mean % elongation of brimonidine tartrate film Mean surface pH of brimonidine tartrate film Mean% moisture absorption of brimonidine tartrate film Mean% moisture loss of brimonidine tartrate film Slide 49: April 13, 2011 49 Mean in vitro residence time of BT film Release kinetics analysis, correlation coefficient (ocular films) Slide 50: April 13, 2011 50 Histological studies on ocular films Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) before diffusion Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) after diffusion Cross-section of cornea (goat’s) after diffusion (ocular film) Slide 51: April 13, 2011 51 Compatibility study Slide 52: April 13, 2011 52 Excipients compatibility study Slide 53: April 13, 2011 53 Eye irritation study and IOP measurement Ocular Irritation Study (HET-CAM) Scores obtained in HET-CAM Test Ocular film in the rabbit eye for in-vivo drug release studies Slide 54: April 13, 2011 54 Eye irritation testing: rabbit corneal observations for corneal opacity and area of cornea involved after applying in situ gel formulations Slide 55: April 13, 2011 55 IOP measurement in normotensive rabbits Slide 56: April 13, 2011 56 Betamethasone injected rabbits (increase in IOP) measure (in mmHg) Slide 57: April 13, 2011 57 Graph showing change in IOP (mmHg) with TM Graph showing change in IOP (mmHg) with BT Slide 58: April 13, 2011 58 In vitro- in vivo correlation for the diffusion of T M from hardened ocular film (15min) containing 18% gelatine and 70% glycerine In vitro- in vivo correlation for the diffusion of T M from hardened ocular film (15min) containing 20% gelatine and 70% glycerine In vitro In vivo correlation Slide 59: April 13, 2011 59 Ageing study observations of timolol maleate film Slide 60: April 13, 2011 60 Ageing study observations of brimonidien tartrate film Slide 61: April 13, 2011 61 Stability study of timolol maleate ocular film containing Stability study of timolol maleate unhardened ocular film Stability study of hardened ocular film of timolol maleate Stability study of hardened ocular film timolol maleate Slide 62: April 13, 2011 62 Stability study Stability study of BF8 Summary and Conclusion : Summary and Conclusion April 13, 2011 63 Conclusions In this research work an attempt is made to formulate in situ gelling system and the ocular films of drug with an aim to prolong the release of drug by biodegradable polymer gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol and hypromellose etc. The aqueous polyacrylic acid solution containing a viscolyzer hypromellose can be used as in situ gelling ocular drug delivery system. The rheological characterization and in vitro drug release profiles demonstrate that polyacrylic acid -hypromellose solution have suitable properties for use as in situ gelling drug delivery system. Changes in the concentration of the polymers affect the rheological behavior and release profiles of incorporated drug from the gels. This offers flexibility in design of in situ gel forming system with desirable rheological properties and drug release rate. The ability to withstand sterilization temperature, high shear force on passing through syringe, temperature cycling and stability studies further advocate the use of system as ocular drug delivery system. Slide 64: April 13, 2011 64 The long residence time of gel formed in situ along with its ability to release drug in a sustained manner will assist in enhancing ocular bioavailability. The in situ gel forming system will have good patient acceptance because it is easy to instill into the eye and gradually erodes by dissolution of the gel, obviating the need for removal. The ocular films were formulated by varying the drug: polymer ratios and plasticizer concentration and then evaluated. The physicochemical features of the formulations were evaluated and found to be uniform. The drug content of the ocular films varied between 60.68-94.52%. The in vivo release studies were carried out for the formulations to study the effect of different drug to polymer ratio on the release profile. It was found that increase in polymer concentration retards the release of drug from the ocular film indicating that the drug is bound firmly in the polymeric matrix. Five formulations were selected for further evaluation studies based on, their extended duration of release and also the percentage of drug release. The selected formulations passed the test for sterility indicating that the ocular films were sterilized by UV radiations for one hour. The absence of secondary spots on developing TLC confirmed that the drug did not degrade on irradiation treatment. The ocular films were found to be physically and chemically stable even after sterilization. Slide 65: April 13, 2011 65 SCOPE FOR THE FUTURE STUDIES The work can be carried out to formulate the system for once a weak or month therapy releasing the drug in a preprogrammed manner thereby improving the therapeutic efficacy of the drug and thus improved the patient compliance. The future investigation can be carried out to improve the solubility of selected NSAID’s in various solvents for ocular use. The different Novel Technology (Nanosuspension, liposomes, dendrimers, quantom dots, niosomes etc.) can be adopted in the formulation for ocular films and thereby study their effect on release pattern. In vitro and In vivo correlation i.e., r = 0.996 and 0.997, Substantiates better linearity, strong reproducibility and reliability of in vitro method of choice in present study. The selected formulations in each polymeric group were subjected to stability studies at 25°C, 37°C and 40°C. Then they were evaluated for drug content. Physical appearance and drug-formulation ingredient interaction. They exhibited ideal sterility and stable aging profiles at the stored temperature. On the basis of these studies, it was inferred that the ocular film and in situ therapeutic system holds a good promise for controlled drug delivery to the eye. Selection of a suitable polymer with good film forming properties, drug compatibility and stability is a prerequisite for successful formulation and development of an ocular film. This system has promise in widening the horizons of ocular drug delivery in future. Slide 66: April 13, 2011 66 PAPER PUBLISHED AND PRESENTED Volume 3, Issue 1, July – August 2010; Article 005 ISSN 0976 – 044X International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research Page 23 Available online at www.globalresearchonline.net TIMOLOL MALEATE A GOLD STANDARD DRUG IN GLAUCOMA USED AS OCULAR FILMS AND INSERTS: AN OVERVIEW *Kamal Singh Rathore1, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Nema2, Dr. Sidhraj Singh Sisodia3 1B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur- Rajasthan, India 2Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Indore-MP, India 3B.N.College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Rajasthan, India. Slide 67: April 13, 2011 67 Slide 68: April 13, 2011 68 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.2, No.3, pp 1995-2000, July-Sept 2010 Preparation and Characterization of Timolol Maleate Ocular Films *Kamal Singh Rathore1, Dr. R. K. Nema2, Dr. S. S. Sisodia3 1B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Raj.313002,India 2Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Indore-MP,India 3B. N. College of Pharmacy, Udaipur-Raj.313002,India *Corres.author: kamalsrathore@gmail.com Mobile: 09828325713 Abstract: The aim of the present work is to formulate suitable ocular films of timolol maleate for the treatment of Slide 69: April 13, 2011 69 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN( USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.1, No.3, pp 863-869, July-Sept 2009 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF GLAUCOMA: AN OVERVIEW *1K.S.RATHORE, 2R.K.NEMA 1B.N.Girls’ College of Pharmacy, Udaipr-Raj.,India. Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Revati, Sanwar road,Indore-453331, India. *Email : kamalsrathore@yahoo.com; mobile: 09828325713 ABSTRACT: The eye is considered one of the greatest gifts of God. History of diseases is as old as the civilization International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 2, Suppl 4, 2010 Review Article INSITU GELLING OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW *K.S. RATHORE, Dr. Rajesh Kumar Nema, Dr. Sidhraj Singh Sisodia Reader in Pharmaceutics, B. N. Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur Raj. 313002 Email: kamalsrathore@gmail.com; kamalsrathore@yahoo.com Received: 29 July2010, Revised and Accepted: 30 August 2010 Slide 70: April 13, 2011 70 International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN( USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 0974-4304 Vol.1, No.2, pp 164-169, April-June 2009 Review on Ocular Inserts *Rathore K. S. 1, Nema R. K. 2 1B.N.Girls College of Pharmacy, Udaipur,India. 2S.D.College of Pharmacy, Muzaffarnagar-UP,India. E-mail: kamalsrathore@yahoo.com Abstract: The conventional dosage forms are account for 90% of currently accessible ophthalmic formulations. The major problem encountered is rapid precornel drug loss. To improve ocular drug bioavailability, there are significant efforts directed towards newer drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. Newer research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems is Paper presented in IPC, APTI, National and International conferences at Jaipur, Jodhpur, Varanasi, Goa, Ahmedabad Won prizes at Jaipur, Jodhpur and Goa Two Book Chapters Eye cosmetics inTextbook of Cosmetics by Nema, Rathore from CBS Publications, Delhi 2. Ocular drug delivery system in Comprehensive Pharmaceutics, CBS Publications, Delhi Slide 71: THANK YOU April 13, 2011 71