X-ray of shoulder joint and elbow joint

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Age estimation from x-rays of shoulder joint and elbow joint

An interesting story : 

An interesting story A girl eloped from her house with her boyfriend. They both decided to marry legally. So they went to registrar office. Since both of them had no age proof certificates, the registrar officer sent both of them to a forensic expert. When the x-rays of their bones were developed, it was found that the girl was still 16yr old. Will they get married??

Radiology in forensic medicine : 

Radiology in forensic medicine Radiology is defined as that special branch of medicine employing ionizing radiant energy in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. Forensic radiology comprises of the performance, interpretation, and reportage of those radiological examinations and procedures that have to do with court and law

Ossification centers : 

Ossification centers Bones are 1st formed as mesodermal condensations. The process of formation of bone from these mesodermal models is called ossification . There are 2centers of ossification for a bone. Primary center which forms the diaphysis of a bone. Secondary center forms epiphysis of bone. In embryonic life there are 806 primary ossification centers. At birth there are 450 centers. In an adult, there are 206 centers which is the number of d bones in a human body.

Rules for reading x-rays : 

Rules for reading x-rays Usually standard right sided x-rays are taken in A-P view. Exceptions are: jaw-oblique view elbow-AP and lateral view On x-ray, fusion is seen 6-12 months earlier than the actual bone, as the thin gap of non- union are noticed. Long bones ossify 1-2yrs early in females. The appearance and fusion of center vary in different individuals depending on environment, nutrition, endocranial disorders, vit-c deficiency.

Shoulder joint and its parts : 

Shoulder joint and its parts

Ossification centers at shoulder joint : 

Ossification centers at shoulder joint 1)Upper end of humerus

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2)scapula

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Head of humerus A:1yrs F:18-19yrs

Ossification centers at elbow joint : 

Ossification centers at elbow joint 1)Lower end of humerus

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2)Upper end of radius 3)Upper end of ulna

Age??? : 

Age??? Capitulum A:1yrs F:16-17yrs

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Trochlea A:9-11 F:16-17yrs Lateral epicondyle A:11-12yrs F:16-17yrs Head of radius A:4-5yrs F:16-17yrs

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Conjoint epiphysis A:14-16yrs F:16-17yrs Head of radius A:4-5yrs F:16-17yrs Medial epicondyle A:5-6yrs F:14-16yrs

Uses of radiology in Forensic medicine : 

Uses of radiology in Forensic medicine Determination of identity Evaluation of injury or death Criminal litigation Civil litigation Administrative purpose

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Thank you

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Any questions??