Alternative Water Resources

Slide 1: 

1 Chapter 2 Alternative water resources

Introduction : 

2 Introduction With the increase in population and rapid industrialization, a lack of water has become serious in the whole world Around 40% of the world population are suffering from water shortage and improper drinking water

Introduction : 

3 Introduction Development of supplementary water resources is inevitable coastal and island areas where have troubles in securing surface and ground water from rainfalls due to their geological characteristics inland areas that are out of the benefit of the multi-regional water supply waterworks

Introduction : 

4 Introduction A diversification of the sources of water supply should be promoted to address and prepare the impact of global climate change such as El nino and severe drought, and the unexpected water quality accidents such as toxic chemicals spill into rivers

Wastewater reuse system : 

5 Wastewater reuse system A supply system for water that does not require the same treatment as drinking water water for a flush toilet, cleaning, sprinkling, car washing, and industry coping with lack of water by accelerating a local water circulation

Wastewater reuse system : 

6 Wastewater reuse system

Water quality : 

7 Water quality Water quality standards for the reused water is stipulated in the Waterworks Law The uses are restricted to a flush toilet, sprinkling, and landscape gardening In order to recycle for an industrial purpose, it is supposed to be practiced based on an independent water quality targets. The conception and definition of waste water reuse system is made solely by closed circulation in an individual building

Water quality : 

8 Water quality

Current Uses : 

9 Current Uses

Advantages : 

10 Advantages Preventing water pollution by reducing the quantity of pollutants discharged into streams in the process of independent re-treatment of polluted water Reducing construction costs for development of new water resources, construction of dams, water treatment plants, sewage treatment plants, and waterworks facilities

Advantages : 

11 Advantages Saving water resource economizing effect caused by installing wastewater reuse system in large structures is about 20%, and in the case of production factory, it is much higher In case of a building, it can save cooling water and serve as an alternative that can settle the lack of tap water in the temporary increase in the demand of water in summer

Problems : 

12 Problems The essential problem to solve for the expansion of the wastewater reuse system is to lower its production cost than that for tap water Invent a proper technology to treat the reuse water according to its usage Solve the problems such as corrosion and slime Develop ways to treat small quantity of sludge

Problems : 

13 Problems The use of recycled water should be not be allowed for touching or drinking Keep from being drunk in use Effective removal of germs or viruses acting as a source of diseases A bad effect of volatile chemical from cooling tower or treatment process should be prevented

Reclamation of sewage effluent : 

14 Reclamation of sewage effluent

Reclamation of sewage effluent : 

15 Reclamation of sewage effluent

Reclamation of sewage effluent : 

16 Reclamation of sewage effluent 1 unit: ADMI (American Dye Manufacturers Institute) color value 2 use chromate ions as oxidants

Slide 17: 

17 1 use permanganate ions as oxidants 3 DL: detection limit 2 unit: MPN (most probable number) / 100 mL 4 ND: not detected

Rainfall reuse : 

18 Rainfall reuse It can be made by gathering raindrops from the roofs, terrace, and deck, storing them in the basement water tank Can be used for flushing toilet, gardening, and washing cars Can be applied as drinking water in emergency Can make a cooling effect by sprinkling simple settling and filtering treatment http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSD&office_id=052&article_id=0000048443&section_id=101&menu_id=101

Effects : 

19 Effects The cities with decreasing precipitation per capita can effectively use water resources It is helpful to prevent urban floods because the same effect as constructing a number of small-sized dams is expected. It can be served as an emergency water against extreme natural disasters

Rainfall reuse system : 

20 Rainfall reuse system

Rainfall reuse system : 

21 Rainfall reuse system

Rainfall reuse system : 

22 Rainfall reuse system

Slide 23: 

23 국내 월드컵경기장 빗물이용 시설현황

Seawater desalination system : 

24 Seawater desalination system Seawater exists infinitely, and that it can be used without shortage even under a severe drought Desalination is defined as the whole process of getting freshwater, after getting rid of salt solved in the sea water The process can be classified into Evaporation Method Membrane Filtering Method

Evaporation : 

25 Evaporation

Reverse Osmosis : 

26 Reverse Osmosis

Electrodialysis : 

27 Electrodialysis

Comparison of desalination methods : 

28 Comparison of desalination methods To understand the applicability and characteristics of some desalination methods TDS concentration of source water operating temperature

Comparison of desalination methods : 

29 Comparison of desalination methods The Evaporation Method is applied to the seawater with a high TDS concentration, while Electrodialyis is applied to the saltwater of low concentration of TDS The Reverse Osmotic Membrane Method is applied to a broad range of TDS concentrations from low to medium.

Comparison of desalination methods : 

30 Comparison of desalination methods The range of operating temperature is related to the required amount of energy Evaporation Method is operated at high temperature, between 35℃ and 100℃ Reverse Osmotic Membrane Method and Electrodialysis Methods are operated at the normal temperature

Comparison of desalination methods : 

31 Comparison of desalination methods

Present uses in Korea : 

32 Present uses in Korea Total 40 desalination plants are being installed and operated the first installation of the seawater desalination facility is at Boryeong Thermoelectric Power Plant in 1989 Most of the desalination plants are to improve the water quality of saltwater, ground water and industrial wastewater for using them as industrial water http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSD&office_id=052&article_id=0000025480&section_id=115&menu_id=115

Present uses in Korea : 

33 Present uses in Korea Total 40 desalination plants are being installed and operated The plants for drinking water supply are small size under of tens of tons a day ( http://news.naver.com/news/read.php?mode=LSD&office_id=052&article_id=0000071196&section_id=115&menu_id=115 ) The Reverse Osmotic Membrane method is usually adopted for the desalination system

Status of desalination facilities : 

34 Status of desalination facilities

Problems in seawater desalination : 

35 Problems in seawater desalination The economical value is low at present Compared with the producing unit price for the public municipal water of multi-regional waterworks, that of the Reverse Osmotic Membrane (capacity with 100㎥/day) is expensive as much as 4-5times If it is compared with industrial water (capacity with 10,000㎥/day), it is more expensive as much as 2 times

참고 사이트 : 

36 참고 사이트 수자원의 지속적 확보기술개발 사업단 대체수자원 확보기술: http://www.water21.re.kr/project02_se04.html 국가수자원관리 종합정보 시스템: http://www.wamis.go.kr/