it is time to go out

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By Qian Qu It Is Time to Go Out

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As the book states, “at the turn of the twentieth century, fewer than 4 percent of married women between the ages of 16 and 65 were in the labor force (Padavic, I &Reskin, B).” Later on, women started to look for jobs, and by the end to the twentieth, there was about 59.5 percent of married women in the labor force between the ages of 16 to 65.

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Base on the research that has been done in 2006, mothers are spending at least as much time with their children as they did 40 years ago, and the amount of child care and housework performed. According to the data, “currently women in the United States average about 27 hours of household work per week, men spend around 16 hours of household work per week (Pear, R).” The gap between men and women in domestic labor is still large.

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when married couples who both work full time as paid labors are facing fatigue from family and paid work, we can tell about 40 percent of married women choose to quit their jobs and focus on family from calculations of the above numbers. Why women are generally giving up their career goals, staying at home? Why do women quit jobs, not men?

It is not easy for single mothers who have to work and take care their babies at the same time. : 

It is not easy for single mothers who have to work and take care their babies at the same time. Generally, women who are single mother tend to work here because it has great pay and it is seasonal. “According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, electricians earned an average of $19.81 per hour in 2000…plumbers average $20.74 hourly (Donelson, D).” And based on the data, it shows only 2.4 percent of female work in construction trades.

Problems for women work in men dominant field : 

Problems for women work in men dominant field unlike men who generally learned the stuff about construction in their childhood, women have to take certain classes to learn the skills. Even though they have the skills, they hardly find jobs in construction field, because it was supposed to be a “men job”. sexual harassment in workplace is always the most serious problem which they only deal it under the table rather than searching help in public

The second type of women generally stay at home are married women with babies. : 

The second type of women generally stay at home are married women with babies. First of all, when men and women were facing salary negotiations, women tend to be so grateful for getting closer to the job they want, they don’t demand as many as men, especially married women with babies. “the companies would hire 84 percent of the women without children, compared with only 47 percent of the mothers, and the starting salary offered non-mother an average of $11,000 more than mothers (Aloi, D).”

Second, women are generally thought less commitment than men which means they work less than men, take less responsibilities, schedule isn’t flexible as men and so on. : 

Second, women are generally thought less commitment than men which means they work less than men, take less responsibilities, schedule isn’t flexible as men and so on. Once a woman gave birth to a baby, she would feel a strong responsibility to raise that child at home instead of pursuing her own career goal. illnesses can not be scheduled around work hours. While no mom who work can leave the job too frequently that would be considered irresponsible. men with children are generally getting promoted, or receiving more pay offer. According to research data, “companies offered applicants who were fathers an average of $6,000 more in salary than the non-fathers, and fathers were allowed to be late more frequently (Aloi, D).”

Work-family conflicts are easily to happen. : 

Work-family conflicts are easily to happen. About “15 percent of employed women and men pointed out a lack of success at balancing work and family, and among dual-earner couples, those with preschoolers were least likely to say that they successfully managed work and family, only 1 in 10 felt they performed both roles successfully (Padavic, I & Reskin, B).”

pay gap between men and women is huge which will be the third reason for mums stay at home and take care of the baby. : 

pay gap between men and women is huge which will be the third reason for mums stay at home and take care of the baby. in 15 years, the average woman earned just 38 percent of what the average man earned.

how can we help these women who hardly get a job in men dominant field : 

how can we help these women who hardly get a job in men dominant field For those women who want to work seasonally and be able to take care of family, but can not get those jobs because those are supposed to be men’s job, they can start with organizations or unions. The government tries to help those women get men dominant jobs. For example, the government has a contract with certain construction companies that these companies will accept females who are eligible to work in constructions. Today, men tend to spend more time with babies and share household work with wives. Some fathers even quite their jobs, or work as part time workers to take care the children and family, let the moms work full- time and support the family.

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Today’s fathers have created a new ideal of masculinity which not as Mad Men cool, but still maintain the nature of masculinity and fatherhood at the same time. As we said before, men started to catch up with women in household, although it is still in progress, we can have our hopes up that one day, the majority of women won’t have to give up their dreams in order to look after the family; single mothers can work in field that they love and be able to take care of their kids at the same time through the help of organizations and government.