BF Skinner

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Burruhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner:

Burruhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner Prepared by : CJ

Burruhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner 1904-1990 -He was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania - he invented the chamber box also known :

Burruhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner 1904-1990 -He was born in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania - he invented the chamber box also known

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differential reinforcement - that is reinforcement which takes place only under certain circumstances discriminative stimulus, that is, a stimulus which controls the response by signaling the availability of reinforcement.

Measuring the strength of operant Behavior :

Measuring the strength of operant Behavior rate response cumulative recorder that is used to measure the strength of operant behavior in a laboratory environment . The result, called a cumulative curve

Reinforcement :

Reinforcement is defined as any event that increases the probability that a response will occur.

Positive Reinforcement :

Positive Reinforcement A positive reinforcer is any stimulus presented following a response that increases the probability of the response.

Negative Reinforcement :

Negative Reinforcement A negative reinforcer is a stimulus that increases the probability of a response through its removal when the desired response is made. - escape conditioning -avoidance conditioning

Reward and punishment positive and negative reinforcement :

Reward and punishment positive and negative reinforcement reward and positive reinforcement are one and the same A negative reinforcer , by virtue of its removal, strengthens a response. punishment decreases the probability of a response y virtue of its presentation.

Primary and secondary reinforcement :

Primary and secondary reinforcement Primary reinforce is a stimulus that satisfies a biologically based or need, such as hunger, thirst, sex, or sleep . Secondary or conditioned reinforcers a variety of neural stimuli associated with primary reinforcers can be also become secondary reinforcers .

Continuous versus partial reinforcement:

Continuous versus partial reinforcement continuous reinforcement schedule- laboratory demonstration of operant conditioning, a behavior may be reinforced every time it occurs partial reinforcement schedule - exists when behavior is reinforced only part of the time

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ratio schedule , a certain percentage of responses receive reinforcement . An interval schedule , in contrast is time based Variable schedule reinforcement is delivered unpredictably, fixed schedule reinforcement is always delivered after a constant number of responses or a fixed interval of time

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Fixed ratio schedule (FR) –reinforcement occurs after a fixed number of responses Variable Ratio Schedule (VR) reinforcement also requires the occurrence of a certain number of response before reinforcement is delivered .

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Fixed Interval Schedule (FI) reinforcement is provided for the first response after a specified period of time has elapsed . Variable interval Schedule (VI) involves variable time intervals between opportunities for reinforcement.