Reporting verbs

Reported Speech : 

Reported Speech REPORTING VERBS

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DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH knew was feeling had enjoyed hadn’t been feeling had seen had been waiting had warned had been reading

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REPORTED SPEECH would be there was going could might had to

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REPORTING STATEMENTS Useful introductory verbs. Statements ADMIT + ing AGREE that ANSWER APOLOGISE+ ing BOAST about + ing CLAIM + that COMPLAIN to .. about DENY + ing DECLARE + that EXPLAIN + that INFORM + that OBJECT to + ing PROMISE + that PROTEST against /about REMIND someone of… REPLY + that SAY & TELL

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agree, refuse, offer, promise, threaten + infinitive Ann: Would you wait half an hour’ Tom: All right Tom promised to wait half an hour Chris: Would you lend me another 50€? David: No, I won´t lend you any more money David refused to lend Chris another 50€ accuse of, admit, apologize for, deny, insist on + gerund You took me the money! He accused of taking his money I stole it! He admitted stealing it I am sorry I’m late He apologized for being late. Let me pay, please, let me. He insisted on paying REPORTING STATEMENTS

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YES / NO QUESTIONS There is no inversion (subject/verb) If or whether after the reporting verb “Are you working these days?” he said. He inquired if/whether I was working those days “Did you speak to John last night?” she asked She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before “Will they have finished their work?” I said. I wondered if they would have finished their job. REPORTING QUESTIONS enquire, inquire, request, want to know, wonder, ask

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WH- QUESTIONS When Who or What are subjects of the sentence we don’t change the word order “Who told you this story?” He asked me who had told that story “What happens?” He wanted to know what happened. The word order is a positive one, without inversion (subject/verb) “Where did you go last summer?”. He asked me where I had gone the previous summer. REPORTING QUESTIONS

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The imperative changes into infinitive He said to us: “Stay here!” He ordered us to stay here The reporting verb must indicate “order” He said: “Be quiet” He told me to be quiet Other verbs can be: ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct,... “Say that again”, he said to me He commanded me to say that again REPORTING COMMANDS

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The verbs used are: beg, ask, demand & request and they are situated before the requested person. The word “please” is omitted When let is used in direct speech it must appear in the reported too but omitting the modal verb. When let is not used the modal is not omitted. “John, don’t open the window, please” I said I asked /requested/begged John not to open the window. “Can you let me use your phone, please?” I asked my neighbour I asked my neighbour to let me use her phone. “Can I use your phone?” I asked my neighbour I asked my neighbour if I could use her phone. REPORTING REQUESTS

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We normally use suggest + gerund to report them Also suggest that + subordinate sentence The suggestions : Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not… are omitted “Let’s go to the theatre” she said. “Why don’t we go to the theatre?” “Shall we go to the theatre?” She suggested going to the theatre She suggested that we could go to the theatre “Let’s not argue again,” he said. He suggested not arguing again He suggested that they should not argue again. REPORTING SUGGESTIONS

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