Metals: Woodgrove Sec Sch 2011 Finala

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011:

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011 Metals & How It Affects Our Lives  Woodgrove Secondary School 

Team Members:

Team Members Scientists from class 3E1: Hon Chong Hoon Megan Rachel Ngiau Jia Yun Amirulhusnii Bin Mohamad Teh Feng Kun

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011:

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011 Metals & How It Affects Our Lives  Rare Metals 

What are Rare Earth Metals?:

What are Rare Earth Metals? Definition: Any group of chemically similar metallic elements comprising the lanthanide series (Group III, Period 6 and 7). Tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another. Some examples are the following as listed below: Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium

Rare earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison :

Rare earth ore, shown with a United States penny for size comparison

Why conserve?:

Why conserve? Future generation uses: Hybrid vehicles Rechargeable batterie s Mobile phones Plasma televisions Disk Drives Catalytic converters Aluminum baseball bats Medical devices

Environmental Considerations:

Environmental Considerations Toxic acids are required during the refining process. Improper handling of these substances. Release of toxic wastes into the general water supply. Many birth defects and 8 leukaemia cases within 5 years.

Example: Chofu, Tokyo:

Example: Chofu, Tokyo Embarked on a new program in November 2010 for recycling components . Collected over 11,000 pieces of used home appliances every year. In the new program, recyclable components are removed from the products and then sent to metal refining companies.

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011:

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011 Metals & How It Affects Our Lives  Radioactive Metals 

USAGE OF URANIUM – HARMLESS WAY:

USAGE OF URANIUM – HARMLESS WAY Smoke Detectors Uses radioactive isotopes. Health hazard to fire-fighters and demolition crews. Required to be packed and properly disposed of in ground level areas. Now, they are thrown into the local dumpsters. A Typical Smoke Detector

USAGE OF URANIUM – HARMFUL WAY:

USAGE OF URANIUM – HARMFUL WAY NUCLEAR BOMBS Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during the Japanese occupation. The acute effects killed many people. Little Boy Fat Man

NUCLEAR REACTORS :

NUCLEAR REACTORS When U-235 atoms are bombarded with neutrons the nuclei split into two roughly equal parts, at the same time. This 'chain reaction' is controlled inside a nuclear reactor. Steam made from the water heated by the fission is used to spin a turbine and drive a generator, to produce electricity.

Distribution Of Nuclear Plants In The World :

Distribution Of Nuclear Plants In The World North America Europe Japan

Nuclear Reactors:

Nuclear Reactors Uranium, which forms the Nuclear Energy, is a great source of energy. However, it can lead to creation of Mass Destructions. Nuclear Meltdown @ Fukushima Daichii Plant, Japan. 2011 Tohoku Earthquake has caused plant to be crippled, endangering lives of those nearby.)

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011:

Chemistry Communication Challenge 2011 Metals & How It Affects Our Lives  Steel Recycling 

STEEL – GENERAL FACTS:

STEEL – GENERAL FACTS An alloy consisting of 99% Iron (Fe) and 1% Carbon (C). Major component Of vehicles, buildings, machines, appliances Screws Car Parts Pistols

BENEFITS OF RECYCLING STEEL :

BENEFITS OF RECYCLING STEEL 1.5 tonnes of iron ore 0.5 tonnes of coal 40% of the water required in production 75% of the energy needed to make steel from virgin material 1.28 tonnes of solid waste Reduction of air emissions by 86% Reduction of water pollution by 76% Over 2.5 billion cans recycled in the UK each year Recycling 7 steel cans saves enough energy to power a 60-watt light bulb for 26 hours.

STEEL RECYCLING – SINGAPORE’S CASE:

STEEL RECYCLING – SINGAPORE’S CASE Metal scrap is the 3rd largest type of waste. In 2008, 784,800 tonnes of ferrous metal scrap and 85,000 tonnes of non-ferrous metal scrap was generated. Recycling rate is 94% for ferrous metal and 85% for non-ferrous metal.

References:

References Websites Addresses: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Rare+earth+metals http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/rareearth.html http://modelscience.com/PeriodicTable.html http://amazingmotherearth.blogspot.com/2011/01/rare-earth-elements.html http://www.rainharvest.co.za/2011/04/05/tokyo-municipality-starts-recycling-rare-metals-from-used-home-appliances/ http://www.world-nuclear.org/education/uran.htm http://www.uraniumsa.org/about/what_is_uranium.htm http://www.ccsa.asn.au/nuclearsa/b1.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rare_earth_element http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanide http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2010/dec/26/rare-earth-metals-us

Acknowledgements:

Acknowledgements We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following people: - Ms Judith Lim, HOD of Science Department and other Science Teachers for all their support and encouragement in this project - Mdm Elaine Khoo & Ms Mardiana, our Project Mentors for their guidance. - Lastly, a Big Thank You to all of you for listening to our presentation! 

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