Urinary System_mp.aj.11.30.11.powerpoint show.12.2.11

GETTING READY FOR YOUR WRITTEN HEALTHCARE INTERPRETER CERTIFICATION COURSE: 

GETTING READY FOR YOUR WRITTEN HEALTHCARE INTERPRETER CERTIFICATION COURSE Getting Ready for your Written Healthcare Interpreter Certification Exam ”. A 20- hour Intensive Review Training by CCCS. www.embracingculture.com CCCS©2011 Rev . 6/ 11 The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 1

GETTING READY FOR YOUR WRITTEN HEALTHCARE INTERPRETER CERTIFICATION COURSE: 

GETTING READY FOR YOUR WRITTEN HEALTHCARE INTERPRETER CERTIFICATION COURSE The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 2

URINARY SYSTEM : 

PIC URINARY SYSTEM The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 3

PHYSIOLOGY – Urinary System Main purifying system in the body; filters blood, eliminates toxins and metabolic waste via the urine : 

PHYSIOLOGY – Urinary System Main purifying system in the body; filters blood, eliminates toxins and metabolic waste via the urine Water is essential for all living things. In humans, water distributes heat, transports nutrients, and it is a vital medium for chemical reactions to occur. Under influence of various hormones, the kidneys regulate the amount of urine, the acidity and salinity of the urine. From the kidney the urine is stored in the bladder. If the kidney fails, there can be frequent urination, pain with urination, foul odor or color of the urine. The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 4

PHYSIOLOGY – Urinary System Main purifying system in the body; filters blood, eliminates toxins and metabolic waste via the urine : 

PHYSIOLOGY – Urinary System Main purifying system in the body; filters blood, eliminates toxins and metabolic waste via the urine The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 5

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy : 

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy Each kidney is 4 to 5 inches long, and contains a million filtering units called nephrons . The nephron filters blood and produces urine. Urine is constantly being produced. The kidneys filter all the blood that circulates in our body every 4 or 5 minutes. The urine leaves the kidney through a tube called the ureter . The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 6

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy : 

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy The ureters can contract to propel urine to the bladder. The urine then goes to a sac called the bladder. The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 7

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy : 

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy The bladder wall has muscles which can contract and help propel the urine out to the urethra . When the bladder walls distend this is urination. Nerve receptors in the bladder wall send a signal for micturation in the spinal cord. The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 8

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy : 

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 9

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy : 

PHYSIOLOGY - Anatomy The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 10

DISORDERS: 

DISORDERS Pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Diabetic nephropathy Cystitis Incontinence Kidney stones Kidney failure Polycystic kidney The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 11

DISORDERS: 

Pyelonephritis – acute infection of the urine collecting system inside the kidney, maybe linked to a simultaneous infection of the bladder. Symptoms: flank pain, prolonged fever, abdominal pain. Glomerulonephritis – inflammation of the filtering unit of the kidney, often an auto-immune process. Symptoms: weakness. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 12

DISORDERS: 

DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 13 Kidney Inflammation

DISORDERS: 

3. Diabetic nephropathy – changes in the glomeruloni and small blood vessels of the kidneys. Can progress to total kidney failure. Symptoms: weakness, fatigue. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 14

DISORDERS : 

4. Cystitis – inflammation inside the bladder caused by infection. Symptoms: burning when urinating, frequency and often fever. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 15

DISORDERS : 

DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 16 5. Incontinence – involuntary leakage of urine. Often in women due to weakness in the pelvic floor due to child bearing or menopause. May also be due to dementia or spinal cord damage. There are 2 kinds of incontinence: stress incontinence and urge incontinence. Stress incontinence – urine escapes during exertion, running or coughing; b) Urge incontinence – urgent desire to urinate

DISORDERS: 

6. Kidney stones – substances in the urine may precipitate into kidney stones. These can occur in the urine collecting part of the kidney, ureters , or bladder. Symptoms: severe back flank or abdominal pain. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 17

DISORDERS: 

7. Kidney failure – when the kidneys are no longer capable of removing waste from the blood or maintain fluid balance. The loss of one kidney does not endanger life. If both kidneys fail dialysis or transplantation is required. Symptoms: weakness, fatigue. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 18

DISORDERS: 

8. Polycystic kidneys – genetic abnormality in which the kidney is filled with cysts. This can lead to high blood pressure and kidney failure. Fifty per cent of adults go on to dialysis. Symptoms: weakness and fatigue. DISORDERS The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 19

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS: 

DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Urinalysis Urine culture MRI Abdominal CT Abdominal ultrasound Cystoscopy IVP (intravenous pyelogram ) Blood antibody tests Kidney biopsy The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 20

TREATMENT: 

TREATMENT Antibiotic treatment Collagen protein injections at bladder outlet to correct incontinence Dialysis ( hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) Kidney transplant The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 21

URINARY SYSTEM: 

URINARY SYSTEM The Urinary System copyright CCCS 2011 22