E-Waste - take it back make environment

E- WASTE TAKE IT BACK, MAKE ENVIRONMENT GREEN : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 1 E- WASTE TAKE IT BACK, MAKE ENVIRONMENT GREEN By R. Jayanthi M.C.A., M.Phil., Assistant Professor Dept. of Computer Science

E-Waste Management : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 2 E-Waste Management Introduction Classification of e-waste Indian Scenario IT - the largest contributor State of Art – Recycling Technologies E-Waste Management based companies Conclusion

Introduction : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 3 Introduction In the last few decades, all the scientific achievements are enabled by computers The lifetime of a computer – “Production, Use, and Disposal” makes it closely tied to the environment Computer use can lead to environmental benefits with the study complex environmental systems, greater ecological education, or enabling "paper-less" office Then at the end of a useful lifetime, computers create disposal challenges posed by hazardous materials present and difficulties in recycling

Definition : E-Waste : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 4 Definition : E-Waste Electronic waste, popularly known as ‘e-waste’ can be defined as electronic equipments / products connects with power plug, batteries which have become obsolete due to advancement in technology changes in fashion, style and status nearing the end of their useful life.

Classification of e-waste : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 5 Classification of e-waste E-waste encompasses ever growing range of electronic devices such as computers, servers, main frames, monitors, TVs & display devices Telecommunication devices such as cellular phones & pagers, calculators, audio and video devices, printers, scanners, copiers and fax machines E-waste also covers recording devices such as DVDs, CDs, floppies, tapes, printing cartridges, military electronic waste, automobile catalytic converters Electronic components such as chips, processors, mother boards, printed circuit boards Industrial electronics such as sensors, alarms, sirens, security devices, automobile electronic devices

Indian Scenario : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 6 Indian Scenario There is an estimate that the total obsolete computers originating from government offices, business houses, industries and household is of the order of 2 million nos. Manufactures and assemblers in a single calendar year, estimated to produce around 1200 tons of electronic scrap. The consumers find it convenient to buy a new computer rather than upgrade the old one due to the changing configuration, technology and the attractive offers of the manufacturers. Due to the lack of governmental legislations on e-waste, standards for disposal, proper mechanism for handling these toxic hi-tech products, mostly end up in landfills or partly recycled in a unhygienic conditions and partly thrown into waste streams.

Continued…. : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 7 Continued…. Computer waste is generated from the individual households; the government, public and private sectors; computer retailers; manufacturers; foreign embassies; secondary markets of old PCs. Electronic waste is one of the rapidly growing environmental problems of the world. In India, the electronic waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of our own waste but also dumping of e-waste particularly computer waste from the developed countries. With extensively using computers and electronic equipments and people dumping old electronic goods for new ones, the amount of E-Waste generated has been steadily increasing. At present Bangalore alone generates about 8000 tonnes of computer waste annually and in the absence of proper disposal, they find their way to scrap dealers.

IT – the largest contributor : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 8 IT – the largest contributor Toxics Link - a Delhi-based non-governmental organization (NGO), says that India annually generates $1.5 billion worth of e-waste. As per a study done last year by Bangalore-based NGO, Saahas, that city generates around 8,000 tons of e-waste every year. It is true that the e-waste spectrum is broad, but we see that IT companies are the single largest contributors to the growing mountains of it. This is because 30 percent of their equipment is rendered obsolete every year. The average computer monitor or television set holds, apart from complex plastic blends that are either difficult to recycle or non-degradable

The Government’s Responsibilities : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 9 The Government’s Responsibilities Formulate e-waste policy and legislation Encourage organized system recycling Collecting fee from manufacturers/consumers for the disposal of toxic materials Should subsidize recycling and disposal industries Incentive schemes for garbage collectors and general public for collecting and handing over e-waste Awareness Programme on e-waste for school children and general public

State of Art Recycling Technologies : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 10 State of Art Recycling Technologies Landfilling Incineration Detoxication, Shredding and Refining Recycling Re-use

Landfilling : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 11 Landfilling It is one of the most widely used methods for disposal of e-waste. In landfilling, trenches are made on the flat surfaces. Soil is excavated from the trenches and waste material is buried in it, which is covered by a thick layer of soil. Modern techniques like secure landfill are provided with some facilities like, impervious liner made up of plastic or clay. The degradation processes in landfills are very complicated and run over a wide time span.

Incineration : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 12 Incineration It is a controlled and complete combustion process, in which the waste material is burned in specially designed incinerators at a high temperature (900-1000oC). Advantage of incineration of e-waste is the reduction of waste volume and the Utilization of the energy content of combustible materials. Some plants remove iron from the slag for recycling. By incineration some environmentally hazardous organic substances are converted into less hazardous compounds. Disadvantage of incineration are the emission to air of substances escaping flue gas cleaning and the large amount of residues from gas cleaning and combustion.

Detoxication, Shredding and Refining : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 13 Detoxication, Shredding and Refining Step1 : Detoxication Detoxication is the removal of critical components from the e-waste in order to avoid dilution and contamination with toxic substances during the downstream processes. Critical components include lead glass from CRT screens, light bulbs and batteries.

Step2 : Shredding : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 14 Step2 : Shredding Mechanical processing is the next step in e-waste treatment, normally an industrial large scale operation to obtain concentrates of recyclable materials in a dedicated fraction and also to further separate hazardous materials. Typical components of a mechanical processing plant are crushing units, shredders, magnetic- and eddy-current- and air-separators. The gas emissions are filtered and effluents are treated to minimize environmental impact.

Step3 : Refining : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 15 Step3 : Refining The third step of e-waste recycling is Refining. Refining of resources in e-waste is possible and the technical solutions exist to get back raw with minimal environmental impact. Most of the fractions need to be refined or conditioned in order to be sold as secondary raw materials or to be disposed of in a final disposal site, respectively. During the refining process, to three flows of materials is paid attention: Metals, plastics and glass.

Recycling : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 16 Recycling Monitors & CRT, keyboards, laptops, modems, telephone boards, hard drives, floppy drives, Compact disks, mobiles, fax machines, printers, CPUs, memory chips, connecting wires & cables can be recycled. Recycling involves dismantling i.e. removal of different parts of e-waste containing dangerous substances like PCB (Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls), Hg, separation of plastic, removal of CRT, segregation of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and printed circuit boards. Recyclers use strong acids to remove precious metals such as copper, lead, gold.

Re-use : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 17 Re-use It constitutes direct second hand use or use after slight modifications to the original functioning equipment. It is commonly used for electronic equipments like computers, cell phones etc. Inkjet cartridge is also used after refilling. This method also reduces the volume of e-waste generation. The better option is to avoid its generation. To achieve this, buy back of old electronic equipments shall be made mandatory. Large companies should purchase the used equipments back from the customers and ensure proper treatment and disposal of e-waste by authorized processes. This can considerably reduce the volume of e- waste generation.

E-Waste Management based companies : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 18 E-Waste Management based companies Trishyiraya Recycling India Private Limited - MEPZ, Chennai Attero Recycling - Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai. Eco Recycling Limited - Andheri (E), Mumbai ITRenew – New york, Mexico, Japan

Conclusion : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 19 Conclusion E-Waste has to be managed properly, otherwise it is hazardous to the environment. Electronic components becomes obsolete due to advancement in technology changes in fashion, style and status nearing the end of the useful life. There are many techniques to recycle and reuse the E-Waste products. Now-a-days Information Technology has become a part of our life process, so it becomes essential for the industries to concentrate on E-Waste. This takes our used Electronic products reusable and make our environment green.

Slide 20: 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 20 Take the Electronic Waste Back And Make the Environment Green

Thank you : 

12/16/2009 E-Waste Management 21 Thank you